CREDIT SEMINAR ON

“ MEDICINAL AROMATIC PLANTS AND THEIR

IMPORTANCES”
Advisor Submitted By
Dr. Sameer Daniel K.N.D.S PRASANNA
Assistant Professor KUMAR DORA
Department of ID:20PHFSTSAF203
Silviculture and Ph.D. Forestry
Agroforestry (Silviculture and
Agroforestry)
 
COLLEGE OF FORESTRY
Sam Higgibottom University of Agriculture
Technology and science Prayagraj-211007, U.P, India
 LIST OF CONTENT
Sl.NO LIST OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. History of MAPs
3. Importance's of Medicinal and Aromatic plants
4. Cultivation and Utilization and Present status
5. Aim and scope
6. MAP’s and their Importance's
7. Differences between MAP’s
8. MAPs( Medicinal and Aromatic plants )in agroforestry systems
9. Ingredients derived from MAP’s in different methods
10. Aromatic plants Tested against SARS‐CoV.

11. Different plants cultivation in A.P at present

12. Case study
13. References
 INTRODUCTION
Natural environment has been a source of
medicinal agents for thousands of years, since healing
with plants dates back probably to the evolution
of Homo sapiens.

 Even to date, about 80% of the world’s

inhabitants rely mainly on traditional medicines
for their primary health care, while medicinal plants
continue to play an important role in the health
care systems of the remaining 20%. Partly based on
their use in traditional medicine, an impressive number
of modern drugs have also been isolated from natural plant specie.

Due to the complexity and overlapping uses of active ingredients, and the great number of
plant species involved, it is impossible to establish rigid categories or a practical classification
for medicinal and aromatic plants. Anise, dill, coriander, thyme, etc. are equally known as
medicinal, spice and essential oil crops. Thus, frequently these plants are simply referred to as
medicinal plants, disregarding their specific features.
The term “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants” (MAPs) has been used in a slightly broader sense,
distinguishing the fragrant (aromatic, ethereal) ingredients containing group of medicinal plants.
 A special feature of MAPs is that a number of characteristic chemical,
cytological, morphological, and occasionally even ecological properties may be
used for their correct description.
 Aromatic plants synthesize and preserve a variety of biochemical products,
many of which are extractable and useful as chemical feed stocks or as raw
materials for various scientific investigations.
 Many medicinal and aromatic crops do not require intensive agri-inputs and
grow well under natural stress conditions, may it be water, light, nutrients or
salts. A number of aromatic grasses such as lemongrass, palmarosa, vetiver and
plants like chamomile are the potential crops suited for salt affected soils
providing subsistence profits ranging from Rs.15-20,000/hectares/ year to the
poor farmers.
 The majority of medicinal plants are higher plants. The major families in which
medicinal plants occur are Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae,
Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Malvaceae and
Solanaceae.
 IMPORTANCES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

1.MEDICINAL VALUE : Bioactive components such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids,

Phenols found in plants, which are used as anti-cancer, anti-malarial. Volatile oils,
dyes, latex are even from vegetables oils, widely used as medicines. More 60% of
allopathic medicines are plant-based.

2.AESTHETIC VALUE : The value of medicine from different flowers like rose,
marigold, hibiscus, periwinkle etc., in the mughal style of gardens, some special plants
are planted as symbol of life and death.

3.RELIGIOUS VALUE : In India the plants are used here in worship and rituals such as
basil, pipal, beal, turmeric .

4. USE AS SPICE : Spices which are used in India traditional food to make it tasty and
their medicinal uses. The oleoresin and oil of spices are in great demand in the
pharmaceutical sector.
5.COSMETIC USE : Used in soap, hair oil, face wash, and from aloe ,turmeric, etc., and
also used in perfumes, creams.

6.INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT : Many industries that manufactures pharma and

cosmetics products depend on the products of these plants.

7.INCOME GENERATION : Poor and marginal farmers can get good income by
cultivating medicinal plants. Many medicinal plants grow naturally in the forests,
which are a means of income for tribal and poor people.

8. SOURCE OF FOREGIN EXCHANGE : India is a mine of medicinal plants where they

grow in natural form. which is in great demand abroad. India exports a lot of alkaloids,
oleoresin, which give foreign exchange. Essentials oils are very expensive and earn
good revenue in terms of foreign exchange.

9.EMPLOYMENT GENERATION : The cultivation provides employment generations.

Their cultivation requires year- around labor. There are good employment
opportunities in extractions oils in the Lab.
 CULTIVATION AND UTILIZATION
 India enjoys variety of climatic conditions suitable for growth of a large number of
such plants. Availability of huge scientifically trained manpower, improved
technologies, plant varieties, processing technologies and relatively cheaper cost of
production now place India in a condition favorable for it to become a major
producer, processor and supplier of aromatic and medicinal plant materials in the
world market.
 Cultivation and processing of essential oil bearing and medicinal plants form an
important area in international agri-business with an estimated annual growth rate
of 7-10%.

PRESENT STATUS
The world’s total production of essential oils is estimated at about 1,00,000 – 110000
tones and India stands third with a share of 16-17%. In value terms again, India’s
position is No.2 and its share is 21- 22%. This is because of the mint revolution in
North India. Brazil with its production of citrus oil at 40000 t is the largest producer
of essential oils in the world. However, its share in value terms is 90% while USA is
the largest producer and consumer of essential oils.
SOME MEDICINAL AROMATIC PLANTS
 MEDICINAL ACTIVE USES
PLANTS PROPAGATION

INGREDIENTS
ASHWAGANDHA WITHANINE Used in pharmacy Seeds
industry and
Rheumatism
ALOE ALOIN Stomach disorder, Suckers
piles.
CINCHONA QUININE Malaria Cuttings

ISABGOL PLANTIOSE Gastro-intestinal Seeds

disorders
GUGGUL GUGGALSTERONE Obesity, cardio Cutting

RAUVOLFIA RESERPINE Snake-bite , nervous Seeds

disorder
OPIUM POPPY MORPHINE Sedative Seeds

PERIWINKLE VINBLASTINE Cancer therapy Seeds

SENNA SENNOSIDE Constipation Seeds

 AROMATIC ACTIVE USES PROPAGATION
PLANTS INGREDIENTS
BASIL LINALOOL Flavouring food Seeds
stuff,confectionery
goods

CITRONELLA CITRONELLOL Soaps, cosemetics Slips

GERANIUM GERANIAL Perfumes, soaps Cuttings, seeds

JASIMNE BENZYL Cosmetics Cuttings

BENZOATE

KHUS KHUSOL Soaps, Cosmetics Cuttings, seeds

LAVENDER LINALYL Perfumes Seeds

ACETATE

CHAMOMILE CHAMAZULENE Flavouring foods, Flowers, Seeds

medicinal
 HISTORY
Plants have been associated with the health of mankind from time immemorial.
In the past, sickness was viewed as a punishment by the gods and hence, was treated with
prayers and rituals that included what may have
been considered ‘magic potions’ prepared out of
local herbs.
Archaeological discoveries from 60000 year old
Neanderthal burial grounds in Iraq point to the use
of several plants like marsh mallow, yarrow and
groundsel that still figure in folk medicine.
Mexican Indians are reported to have used
peyote cactus for its hallucinogenic and, also
 possibly its healing properties for thousands of years.
This plant is now known to have antibiotic
properties as well.
 Cuneiform writing on clay tablets by the Sumerians of the Tigris and Euphrates (present
day Iraq) around 4000 BC, reported the use of opium, liquorice, thyme, mustard and the
chemical element sulphur as medicine.
 The Babylonians who apparently followed the Sumerians in this field added senna,
coriander, saffron, cinnamon and garlic among the other herbs in their formulations.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

Medicinal plants are defined as feral The notion of aromatic plants is

and/or cultivated plants that, based even less definite.
on tradition and literature records,
can be directly or indirectly used for
medical purposes.

These plants contain so called active
ingredients (active principles or
biologically active principles) that
affect physiological (metabolic)
processes of living organisms,
including human beings.
Plant tat produce and excude aromatic
substances which are used in
pharmaceuticals industry,cooking,
perfume making.

Medicinal plants are plants tat have a Aromatic plants are plants which
recoginzed medicinal use. possess essential oils in them
 MAPs( Medicinal and Aromatic plants )in agroforestry systems :
 Many plants in traditional agricultural systems in the tropics have medicinal value. These can
be found (either planted or carefully tended natural regenerations) in home gardens, as
scattered trees in croplands and grazing lands, and on field bun.
 MAPs growing in forests require (or tolerate) partial shade, moist soils high in organic matter,
high relative humidity, and mild temperatures.
 A number of plants used as live fences around home compounds such as henna (Lawsonia
inermis) in India (Singh et a. 1996), Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa in Bolivia

Table: Examples of tree species have medicinal values grown in traditional

agroforestry system the tropics

Tree species Agroforestry system Medicinal use

Acacia nilotica Field bunds, scattered trees in
(babul) croplands, woodlots and grazing lands
in East Africa and Indian sub-continent
Azadirachta Woodlots, scattered trees,
indica (neem) shelterbelts in Africa and India
Gum used for treating diarrhea,
dysentery, diabetes, sore
throat, bark used to arrest
external bleeding
Pushpangadan and Nayar et
al. (1994)
Digestive disorders, malaria,
fever, hemorrhoids, hepatitis,
measles, syphilis, boils, burns,
snakebite, rheumatism
 To be continued .....
Erythrina spp.
Parkia biglobosa (locust bean
tree)
Prosopis cineraria (khejri)
Tamarindus indica (tamarind)
Shade tree in coffee, live fence Different Erythrina species
have different uses. Russo et
al.(1993)
Parklands in West Africa Piles, malaria, stomach
disorders, jaundice
Teklehaimanot et al. (2004)
Scattered trees in croplands in Flowers for blood purification
arid to semiarid areas mostly in and curing skin diseases. Bark
northwestern India against summer boils, leprosy,
dysentery, bronchitis, asthma,
leucoderma and piles.
Field bunds and scattered trees Fruit pulp is used in Indian
in croplands in semiarid India medicine as refrigerant,
and Africa carminative and laxative Singh
et al. (1996)
INGREDIENTS DERIVED FROM AROMATIC PLANTS IN
DIFFERENT METHODS

SOURCE : Socaci et al. (2020)

 Aromatic plants Tested
against SARS‐CoV:

According to recent research (Vellingiri,

et al. 2020), herbal medicines, like herbs
and oils, may have a part to play in
counteracting COVID-19.
Research investigating the use of Indian
Pyrrosia ingua
medications as a therapy for
manifestations of COVID-19 has been
reported.
The research presents the molecular
morphology of the virus, potential modes
of action inside the target cells, genomic
similarity between COVID-19 and SARS,
syndrome similarity between COVID-19,
SARS, MERS, and typical flu, existing
diagnosis, current clinical studies, and
conventional Indian herbal medicines that
may be produced as treatments directly
aimed at COVID-19.
Artemisia annua
 Glycyrrhiza glabra Antiviral medicine
(In vivo anti-inflammatory effect in the
lungs by a glycoside known as LicoA)

Sambucus racemosa (Red elderberry)

Inhibition of chicken coronavirus strain and
coronavirus NL63 by interfering with the
viral envelopes, rendering them non-
infectious.

Lycorine
Inhibition of cell division of
different strains of coronaviruses
(HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63,
MERS-CoV, and MHV-A59).
DIFFIRENT PLANTS CULTIVATION IN
ANDHRA PRADESH AREA AT
PRESENT

Out of a total of 1.56 million hectares

of land allotted for horticulture in A.P,
the largest share of cultivation land, at
715 thousand hectares was reserved for
the production of fruits in the financial
year 2021.

Plantation crops followed , while land

area for aromatic and medicinal crops
ranked lowest in the Indian state.
Out of a total of 1.56 million hectares of
land allotted for horticulture in A.P, the
largest share of cultivation land, at 715
thousand hectares was reserved for the
production of fruits in the financial year
2021.

Plantation crops followed , while land

area for aromatic and medicinal crops
ranked lowest in the
Indian state.
 CASE STUDY : AROMATIC PLANTS RESOURCES FOR
DEGRADED LAND MANAGEMENT

 Degraded land restoration and marginal land utilization are vital for economical,
environmental and social point of view including all aspects of ecosystem services of present and
future. (Gupta, A. K. 2021)
 The present technologies for degraded land restoration include costly and unsustainable
physical, chemical and biological methods which cannot be imposed without proper
technological input.
 Aromatic crops are in high demand for industries like aroma, food, cosmetic, perfumery,
toiletry etc. Certain perennial and annual aromatic crops are adaptable to the harsh environmental
conditions of degraded lands.
 In the present Situation the land is recommend the adoption of aromatic plants for
sustainable management of degraded and marginal lands to achieve the objectives of sustainable
development goals (SDGs), boost circular economy and in situ restoration of degraded and
marginal lands to achieve various tangible and intangible benefits including ecosystem services.
 REFERENCES
 Li, S.Y.; Chen, C.; Zhang, H.Q.; Guo, H.Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.; Li, R.S. Identification of natural
compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus. Antivir. Res. 2005, 67, 18–23.
 Gupta, A. K., Tomar, J. M. S., Kaushal, R., Kadam, D. M., Rathore, A. C., Mehta, H., & Ojasvi, P. R.
(2021). Aromatic plants based environmental sustainability with special reference to degraded land
management. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22, 100298.
 Socaci, S. A., Fărcaş, A. C., & Tofană, M. (2020). Functional ingredients derived from aromatic plants.
In Feed additives (pp. 133-146). Academic Press.
 Vellingiri, B.; Jayaramayya, K.; Iyer, M.; Narayanasamy, A.; Govindasamy, V.; Giridharan, B.;
Rajagopalan, K. COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. Sci. Total. Environ. 2020, 138277.
 Pyrrosia Lingua. Available online: https://www.flickr.com/photos/harumkoh/17118611672/ (accessed on
16 June 2020). 61.
 Artemisia annua. Available online: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47108884@N07/4738072658
(accessed on 16 June 2020)
 Pushpangadan P and Nayar T.S. 1994. Conservation of medicinal and aromatic tree species through
agroforestry. pp. 265–284. In: Thampan P.K. (ed.), Trees and Tree Farming. Peekay Tree Crops
Development Foundation, Cochin, India.
 Russo R.O. 1993. The use of Erythrina species in the Americas. In: Westely S.B. and Powell M.H. (eds),
Erythrina in the New and the Old World. Nitrogen fixing Tree Association, Hawaii, USA, pp. 28–45
 Singh U., Wadhwani A.M. and Johri B.M. 1996. Dictionary of Economic Plants in India. Indian Council
of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India, 288 pp.
 Teklehaimanot Z. 2004. Improvement and exploitation of Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa in the
parkland systems of West Africa. Agroforest Syst (This volume).
THANK YOU