ELECTROLYSIS

Starter
■ On your whiteboards,
using the dot and cross diagram (outer
shell electrons only),
Show what happens when a sodium atom
and chlorine atom react.
Oxidation Definitions
The passage of a direct electric
Is Electrolysis current through an ionic
solution.
Loss of Electrolyte Solution containing ions
electrons
  Anode Positive electrode

Reduction Cathode Negative electrode

Is Cation Positively charged ion

Gain of Anion Negatively charged ion

  electrons  
 Electrolysis of molten
Positive NaCl
OPPOSITES
Anode ATTRACT

Negative
Is
Na +
Cl
-

Cathode Na + Cl-
 
 Electrolysis of molten
Positive NaCl

Anode
Negative
Is Cl2 Na
Na
Cathode
 
 Electrolysis of molten
Positive NaCl
Product at the anode
Cl
___________________________
2
Anode Half equation at the anode
2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e-
___________________________
Negative Product at the cathode
Na
___________________________
Is Half equation at the cathode Na+ +
___________________________
e-  Na

Cathode
 

RULE: Metals are produced at the Cathode

  Non-metals are produced at the Anode
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive
Anode
Negative
Is Na+ Cl-
Cathode OH
H +
-
 
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive
RULE:
Anode At the cathode, the least reactive
element is produced. (There are only 4
Negative metals less reactive than hydrogen.
These are Cu, Ag, Au, Pt)
Is At the anode,Na +
Cl-is produced
a halogen
Cathode OH
otherwise oxygen is produced.
H +
-
 
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive
Anode
Negative
Is Na+ Cl-
Cathode OH
H +
-
 
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive
Anode
Negative
Is Cl2-
NaOH
Cathode H2
 
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive Anions that can go to the anode are:
________________________
OH- and Cl-
Anode Anion that will go to the anode is:
________________________
Cl-
Negative Product at the anode
________________________
Cl2
Is Half equation at the anode
________________________ 2Cl -
 Cl2 + 2e -

Cathode  What is the half equation at the anode if Oxygen is

 

produced?
 
4OH-  O2 + 2H2O + 4e-
_____________________
 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl
Positive
Cations that can go to the cathode are:
Anode ______________________________
Na+ and H+
Cation that will go to the cathode is:
Negative ______________________________
Product at the cathode
H+

Is ______________________________
H2
Half equation at the cathode

Cathode ______________________________
 
2H+ + 2e-  H2
 

 
 Electroplating

In electroplating the anode becomes part of the

Anode reaction taking place.

Cathode A block of pure silver is attached at the anode.

What is the half equation at the anode?
___________________________________
Why do the cations travel to the cathode?
e -
_____________________________________
Ag _________________________________
What is the half equation at the cathode?
___________________________________
 

 
 Electroplating

In electroplating the anode becomes part of the

Anode e- reaction taking place.

Cathode A block of pure silver is attached at the anode.

What is the half equation at the anode?
___________________________________
Why do the cations travel to the cathode?
_____________________________________
_________________________________
Ag + What is the half equation at the cathode?
___________________________________
 

 
 Electroplating
In electroplating the anode becomes part of
the reaction taking place.
Anode A block of pure silver is attached at the
anode.
Cathode
What is the half equation
Ag  Ag at +the
+ eanode?
-
___________________________________
Why do the cations travel to the cathode?
Ag ion (cation) is attracted to the negative
___________________________________
electrode (cathode)
___________________________________
Ag What is the half equation at the cathode?
___________________________________
Ag+ + e- Ag