Drawing

Cumulative Frequency
 Outcomes…
• Calculate the cumulative frequency
• Write down the upper class boundaries
• Plot the cumulative frequency curve
• Find the median value
• Find the upper and lower quartiles
• Find the inter-quartile range
 Use data in a frequency
table to draw a Cumulative
Frequency Curve
Compute the Cumulative
Frequencies from the
frequencies.
Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3
Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37
Determine the Upper Class
Boundaries
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37

Upper class
boundary
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37

Upper class
boundary 45
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37

Upper class
boundary 45 50
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37

Upper class
boundary 45 50 55
 Height
(mm) 40X45 45X50 50X55 55X60

Frequency
F 7 12 15 3

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37

Upper class
boundary 45 50 55 60
 Plot the points using the
values from the upper class
boundaries and the cumulative
frequencies
Upper class
boundary 45 50 55 60

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37
• Put the vales for the
upper-class boundaries on
the horizontal axis.

• Put the cumulative

frequencies on the vertical
axis
Plot the points from the upper-class
boundary against the cumulative frequency
to draw a cumulative frequency curve.
Upper class
boundary 45 50 55 60

Cumulative
Frequency 7 19 34 37
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
Finding the Median from a
cumulative frequency curve.
Q2 = 18.5, use that value
on the vertical axis to read
off the corresponding
value on the horizontal
axis. The value on the
horizontal axis is the
median.
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
Median ≈ 49mm
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
Median ≈ 49mm
Q2 = 18.5, use that value
on the vertical axis to read
off a value on the
horizontal axis. The value
on the horizontal axis is
the median.

Median ≈ 49mm
Median ≈ 49mm

That means that when the

heights of the 37 seedlings
are ranked, the middle
height of all the seedlings is
49 mm. Put another way, the
seedling in the middle has a
Quartiles
 There are
37 cress seedlings in total
A quarter of 37 is 9.25
that is:

Q1 = x 37 = 9.25
 We use the graph to find what
lengths correspond to cumulative
frequency of 9.25
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
LQ ≈ 45mm
 The lower quartile tells us what
value the first 25% of the sample
are less than
 The Lower quartile tells us what
value the first 25% of the sample
are less than

LQ ≈ 45mm

That means that the heights of the

first 25% of the seedlings are less
than 45mm
The upper quartile tells us what
value 75% of the sample are less
than
 We use the graph to find what
lengths correspond to cumulative
frequency of 27.75
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
 Cress seedling height

40
Cumulative

30
frequency

20

10

0
35 40 45 50 55 60
Height (mm)
UQ ≈ 52mm
 The upper quartile tells us what
value 75% of the sample are less
than

UQ ≈ 52mm

That means that the heights of the

first 75% of the seedlings are less
than 52mm
Inter Quartile Range
 LQ ≈ 45mm
UQ ≈ 52mm
IQR = UQ – LQ ≈ 7mm
 The Inter Quartile Range
tells you the range of values
occupied by the middle 50%
of your sample
Summary
 Cumulative frequency
• Running total of the frequencies
• Plot against the upper class boundaries
• Draw a smooth curve thru’ the points
• Take half the total frequency and use
that to read off a value of the median
• Find the Lower Quartile and the Upper
Quartile
• Find the Inter-quartile range by
subtracting
Your turn
•The table gives the marks of 100 students in an examination.
•Copy and complete the table.
•Plot a cumulative frequency curve to show this information using a
scale of 1 cm to represent 5 marks on the horizontal axis and 1 cm
to represent 10 students on the vertical axis.
•Show on graph how to estimate the median, lower quartile and upper
quartile and the I.Q.R.

Marks (x) Frequency (f) Cumulative

Frequency
    15
1 -10 15
11 – 20 25
21 – 30 30
31 – 40 22
41 - 50 8
1. Construct a cumulative frequency table to represent the data given.
2. Find the modal class, the median class and the estimated mean.
3. Using a scale of 2 cm to 5 minutes on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10
customers on the vertical axis, draw a cumulative frequency curve to illustrate the
information.
4. Use the curve to find estimates for: (a) median (b) Lower Quartile (c) Upper
Quartile
(e) Inter Quartile Range.
Waiting time No. of
(in minutes) customers
   
1- 5 5
6- 10 12
11 – 15 15
16 – 20 19
21 – 25 21
26 – 30 25
31 - 35 3