Unit II

Virtualization

Presented By
M S RATHOD, LIF, GP Amravati
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, student will be able to:
1. Maintain Cloud Based Application.
2. Apply virtualization in Cloud Computing.
3. Maintain and Manage Storage System in Cloud.
4. Use the Cloud Based Services.
5. Implement Security in Cloud Computing.
6. Carry out cloud based activities on different
platforms.
Learning Outcomes
Explain the given feature of
Virtualization.
Explain the characteristics of the
specified Virtualization type.
Write generic steps to build a virtual
machine using VMW are on the given OS.
Virtualization
 Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual)
version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device,
an operating system or network resources".

 It allows to share a single physical instance of a resource or an

application among multiple customers and organizations.

 A Virtual machine provides an environment that is logically

separated from the underlying hardware.
More about Virtualization
Virtualization is a solution to optimize the resources available
in the IT infrastructure.
In general it is a creation of virtual machines and manage them
from one place.
A virtualization system partitions a single physical “machine”
into multiple virtual machines and also decouples the OS from
the dependence of hardware.
The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is
known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as
a Guest Machine.
Virtualized Environments
Three major components of Virtualized
Environments
Host — the original environment (the machine or
software) on which the VM is implemented
Guest — the OS that interacts with Virtualization
Layer under the control of the VM
Virtualization Layer (Hypervisor)— recreate the
same or different environment where guest will run.
Virtualization Reference Model
Characteristics of Virtualization
 1. Increased Security – The ability to control the execution of a
guest program in a completely transparent manner opens new
possibilities for delivering a secure, controlled execution
environment.
 A virtual machine manager can control and filter the activity of the
guest programs, thus preventing some harmful operations from
being performed.
 2.Sharing - Virtualization allows the creation of a separate
computing environment within the same host. 
Characteristics of Virtualization
 3. Aggregation – It is possible to share physical resources among
several guests, but virtualization also allows aggregation, which is
the opposite process. A group of separate hosts can be tied together
and represented to guests as a single virtual host.
 4. Emulation -Guest programs are executed within an environment
that is controlled by the virtualization layer, which ultimately is a
program.
 Also, a completely different environment with respect to the host
can be emulated, thus allowing the execution of guest programs
requiring specific characteristics that are not present in the physical
host. 
Characteristics of Virtualization
 6. Isolation – 
 Virtualization allows providing guests—whether they are operating
systems, applications, or other entities—with a completely separate
environment, in which they are executed.
 The guest program performs its activity by interacting with an
abstraction layer, which provides access to the underlying
resources.
 7. Portability - The concept of portability applies in different ways
according to the specific type of virtualization considered.
Benefits of Virtualization
Better resource utilization
It helps in saving lots of cost required for IT infrastructure.
It allows multiple operating systems on one virtualization
platform.
Allows remote access
It removes the dependency of heavy hardware to run the
application.
Pay per use of IT infrastructure on demand
Types of Virtualization
Application Virtualization
It helps a user to have remote access of an application from a server.
The server stores all personal information and other characteristics of
the application but can still run on a local workstation through the
internet. 
Example of this technology are Citrix XenApp, Turbo (software),
Symantec Workspace Virtualization etc.
Application virtualization allows applications to run in environments
that do not suit the native application.
For example, Wine allows some Microsoft Windows applications to run
on Linux.
Types of Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
allows the users’ OS to be remotely stored on a server in the data center.
It allows the user to access their desktop virtually, from any location by
a different machine.
Users who want specific operating systems other than Windows Server
will need to have a virtual desktop.
Main benefits of desktop virtualization are user mobility, portability,
easy management of software installation, updates, and patches.
Examples: Citrix XenDesktop, Wyse ThinOS, Microsoft Remote
Desktop Services, Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Virtualization (MED-
V);,VMware View Manager.
Types of Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
Perhaps the easiest and cost-effective type of virtualization to
implement
storage virtualization involves assembling physical hard drives into a
single application and pushing to the internet for virtual access.
It is through this virtualization that cloud storage platforms are made
possible.
It helps businesses store data securely and also has backup and data
recovery features.
Dropbox. Google Drive, etc., are examples of cloud storage services.
Types of Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Like other types of virtualization, developed servers are moved to the
virtual environment to serve multiple users.
The process involves dividing a physical server into several distinctive
and secluded (hidden) virtual servers.
This is usually done by using a software application.
After which each virtual server independently runs its own operating
system.
This helps eliminate server complexity, increase application
performance and also deploy workload speedily.
Vendors – VMWare, Microsoft, Citrix, Amzon, Google etc
Types of Virtualization
Data Virtualization
This is the kind of virtualization in which the data is collected
from various sources and managed at a single place without
knowing more about the technical information like how data is
collected, stored & formatted then arranged that data logically
so that its virtual view can be accessed by its interested people
and stakeholders, and users through the various cloud services
remotely.
Many big giant companies are providing their services like
Oracle, IBM, At scale, Cdata, etc.
Types of Virtualization
Data Virtualization
Types of Virtualization
Network Virtualization
 is a process of logically grouping physical networks and
making them operate as single or multiple independent
networks called Virtual Networks.
 Network Virtualization Platform: VMware NSX.
Technology Examples
VMWare, Microsoft Hyper-V, KVM ,
Xen
Assignment for you.
Study survey on technology examples.
VM Consolidation
VM consolidation is an important technique used in
cloud computing systems to improve energy efficiency.
Cloud computing data centers consume enormous
amount of electrical power resulting in high operating
costs and carbon dioxide emissions.
It migrates the running VMs from under utilized
physical resources to other resources in order to reduce
the energy consumption.
VM Consolidation
VM Consolidation includes two
strategies:
 VM Placement
 VM Migration
VM Placement
VM Placement is process of selecting the
appropriate host for the given VM.
For the efficient utilization of the physical
resources, VM should be placed on suitable host.
VM placement can be either saving energy by
shutting down some servers or it can be
maximizing the resource utilization.
VM Migration
You can move virtual machines from one compute resource
or storage location to another by using cold or hot migration.
 For example, you can move powered on virtual machines
away from a host to perform maintenance, to balance loads,
to migrate to new server hardware, and so on.
By using migration, you can change the compute resource
that the virtual machine runs on. For example, you can move
a virtual machine from one host to another host or cluster.
VM Migration
Depending on the virtual machine resource type, you can perform three types
of migration.
Change compute resource only
Moving a virtual machine, but not its storage, to another compute resource,
such as a host, cluster, resource pool.
Change storage only
Moving a virtual machine and its storage, including virtual disks,
configuration files, or a combination of these, to a new datastore on the same
host.
Change both compute resource and storage
Moving a virtual machine to another host and at the same time moving its disk
or virtual machine folder to another datastore.
Steps involved in VM migration process
Select the PM which is overload or under
load.
Select one or more VMs from under loaded
server
Select the appropriate destination PM where
selected VMs can be placed and
Transfer / migrate the VMs to destination PM.