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Bt-101 PPT Updated (1.0)
Bt-101 PPT Updated (1.0)
Bt-101 PPT Updated (1.0)
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INTRODUCTION
• In machine, the friction between metal to metal
parts arises due to moving surfaces and machine
experienced a resistance which retards their
movement. Due to friction large amount of energy
is liberated in the form of heat which reduces the
efficiency of machine.
• “Substances which apply between two moving and
sliding surface to reduce friction between them are
known as Lubricants” and the process by which
friction between sliding surface is reduce, known
as Lubrication.
BT 104 3
OBJECTIVES OF LUBRICANTS
• To reduce the friction between the moving parts.
• To reduce wear and tear of the moving parts.
• To act as a cooling medium.
• To keep the engine parts clean.
• To prevent deposition of carbon and metallic components from
corrosive attack.
• To resist oxidation.
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CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS
On the basis of physical state lubricants may be classified
into following type:-
• Solid lubricants.
• Semi-solid lubricants.
• Liquid lubricants.
• Gases lubricants.
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SOLID LUBRICANTS
Solid lubricants are solids applied to friction surfaces to reduce friction and
wear and prevent surface damage. They may be in the form of powders, films
or
composite materials.
• Advantages of solid lubricants:
(1) More effective than fluid lubricants at high loads and speeds.
(2) High resistance to deterioration in storage.
(3) Highly stable in extreme temperature, pressure, radiation, and reactive environments.
(4) Permit equipment to be lighter and simpler because lubrication distribution systems and
seals are not required.
The examples of solid lubricants are molybdenum
disulfide and Graphite:
• Molybdenum Disulphide
Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic
compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.
Its chemical formula is MoS2
• Graphite
Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon with its atoms
arranged in hexagonal
structure . Graphite has a layered structure that
consists of rings of six carbon atoms arranged in
widely spaced horizontal sheets.
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LIQUID LUBRICANTS
Liquid lubricants are liquids that separate and reduce friction between two
moving surfaces and decrease wear and tear.
• Advantages of liquid lubricants:
(1) Appropriate viscosity .
(2) Resistance to oxidation.
(3) High thermal stability .
(4) High flash and fire points.
(5) Low acid value and carbon residue.
(6) It does not corrode machinery.
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Examples of liquid lubricants are as follows :
4)Vegetable oil (triglyceride esters, eg castor oil, palm oil, sunflower oil,
whale oil etc).
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SEMI-SOLID LUBRICANTS
The most important semi-solid lubricants are grease, Vaseline, waxes and other
compounds of oil and fats. These are called semi-solid because they are neither solids nor
liquids at ordinary temperatures.
Greases are prepared by saponification of fat with alkali followed by adding hot
lubricating oil while under agitation. At high temperature the soap dissolves in the oil,
where upon the inter-connected structure exist and & the grease liquefies and it becomes
a stiff solid mass.
2. Soda-Based Grease :
These are petroleum oil thickened by mixing sodium soaps. They are
poor water resistance because sodium soap is soluble in water. However
they can be used up to 1750C. They are suitable for use in ball bearings.