Triyanto

Mengapa Perlu Audit ?

Korporasi Stakeholders
Auditor Proses
Audit

Proses Akuntansi Laporan Keuangan

Audit diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko ekonomi


Phase I
Plan and Design an Audit Perform TC and substantives
approach
Accept client’s and perform
initial planning
Understanding the clinet’s
business and industry
Assess client business risk
Perform preliminary
analytical procedur
Set materiality and assess
acceptable audit risk and
Perform substantive tests of
inherent risk
Understand IC and assess
control risk
Gather information to assess
fraud risks
Develop overall audit plan
and audit program
Summary of the Audit Process
Phase II Phase III Phase IV
Perform analytical procedures Complete audit and issue
test and tests of details balances audit report
Perform additional tests for
presentation and disclosure
High or
Plan to reduce No Low Medium unknown
assessed level of
control risk
Perform analytical Accumulate final evidence
procedures
Yes Perform tests of key
procedures Evaluate results
Perform tests of control *
Perform additional tests of
details of balance
Issue audit report
trasactions
Communicate with audit
committee and Mgt
Assess likelihood of
misstatements in financial
statement
*) The extent of testing of controls is determined by planned reliance on
controls.
CH.1 : The Assurance Services Market
Nature of Audit
Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about
information determine and report on the degree of
correspondence between the information and established
criteria.

Auditing should be done by competent, independent person.

Nature of Audit
Evidence is any information used by the auditor to determine
whether the information being audited is stated in
accordance with the established criteria.

Evidence takes many different forms, including :

 Electronic and documentary data about transactions

 Written and electronic communication with outsiders

 Observations by the auditor

 Oral testimony of the auditee (client)

Distinction between Auditing and Accounting
The confusion result because :
 Auditing is usually concerned with accounting information

 Auditors have considerable expertise in accounting matters

 The tittle “Certified Public Accountant” (CPA) to individuals

who perform audits

Accounting is the recording, classifying, and summarizing of

economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of
providing financial information for decision making
Economic Demand for Auditing
For illustrate :
If bank makes the loan, it will charge rate of interest
determined primarily by three factors:
 Risk-free interest rate. (BI Rate)

 Business risk for the customer (economic/Business condition)

 Information risk (the possibility of inaccurate Financial

Statement)
Economic Demand for Auditing
The cause of information risk :

 Remoteness of information
 Biases and motives of the provider
 Voluminous data
 Complex exchange transactions
Economic Demand for Auditing
Reducing information risk :

 User verifies information

 User shares information risk with management
 Audited financial statement are provided
Assurance Services
An Assurance service is an independent professional service
that improves the quality of information for decision makers.

Attestation services fall into five categories :

 Audit of historical FS

 Audit of internal control over FS

 Review of historical FS

 Attestation services on IT

 Other attestation services that may be applied to abroad

range of subject matter.

Types of Audits
CPAs perform three primary types of audits:

 Operational Audit
 Compliance Audit
 Financial Statement Audit
Types of Auditor
Types of auditors are :

 CPA Firms
 Government Accountability Auditors
 Internal Revenue Agents
 Internal Auditors
Terima kasih