EMPHYSEM

A
Presentation made by:
Ison, Von Jose V.
Regancia, Noricel
 Definition

Emphysema is a disease of the

lungs that usually develops after
many years of smoking. Along
with asthma and chronic
bronchitis, emphysema belongs to
a group of lung diseases known as
chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD).

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 Pathophysiology
• Alveoli become abnormally inflated.

• A type of chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD).

• Old air becomes trapped in the

alveoli, leaving no room for fresh,
oxygen-rich air to enter.

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Types of Emphysema

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 DIAGNOSTI
CS
• Chest X-ray

• CT scan

• Pulmonary
Function Test

Anterior Chest X-ray Lateral Chest X-ray

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 ETHIOLOGY OF
EMPHYSEMA
Long-term exposure to airborne irritants,
• Tobacco smoke
• Marijuana smoke
• Air pollution
• Chemical fumes and dust

• Rarely emphysema is caused by deficiency of

Protein that protects the lungs.

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 RISK
FACTORS
• Smoking
• Age
• Exposure to secondhand
smoke
• Exposure to fumes and dust
• Exposure to indoor and
outdoor pollution

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 SYMPTOM
S
• Shortness of breath even while
you're at rest

• Frequent coughing or wheezing

• A whistling or squeaky sound of

breathing

• Tightness of chest

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 S
• Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)

• Heart problems

• Large holes in the lungs (bullae)

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 PREVENTIO
N
• Don't smoke

• Avoid breathing secondhand

smoke.

• Wear a mask to protect your lungs

if you work with chemical fumes
or dust.

• Healthy Lifestyle

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 TREATMEN
T
NOTE: Emphysema can't be cured.
It's progressive.

• Bronchodilator Medications
• Antibiotics
• Oxygen Therapy
• Surgery or Lung Transplant
• Lung transplantation
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation

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 CORRESPONDING CARE AS A
CAREGIVER
• Encourage them to stop smoking.
• Keep the patient away from • Keep the patients
respiratory irritants.
• Exercise regularly room ventilated
• Keep the patient away from cold • Room is always
air clean and away from
• Take doctor recommended dust
medications or maintenance. • Use of Humidifiers

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