PHILIPPINE ART

EFREN B. LOPEZ JR.

INSTRUCTOR
PHILIPPINE ART

 Aborigines in the Philippines and their descendants were

capable of creating original cultural elements.
 They were intelligent enough to come up with new
cultural inventions, based on their new territory, which
were the results of the available resources in the said
environment.
 PHILIPPINE ART
 Artifacts that were utilitarian in nature were the result of
human needs, when little bells were added to implements
like the digging stick and likewise colorful threads to their
clothes.
PHILIPPINE ART
PHILIPPINE ART

 The pre-Hispanic tradition of Philippine art was basically focused

on sculpture, the medium being used were stone, bone, ivory or
crocodile tooth, or molded in clay or gold.
 Considered as among the ancient arts is pottery. The most
significant artifact to be discovered in the Philippines is the
Manunggul jar, a highly artistic burial jar found in Manunggul
Cave, Palawan.
PHILIPPINE ART

The said jar features two men rowing a boat which suggest the early belief of Filipinos in the
afterlife.
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 Other objects such as palayok, banga, and the tapayan were

eventually forms that would be associated in the domestic
consumption of the Filipinos.
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 The Cordillera of the northern part (Ifugao, Kalinga, and other

Cordillera mountain groups) is represented by many figurative
forms
 the “bulul” (anito/ indigenous god)
 the “kinabiggat” (human figure)
 the “tattagu” (decorative ornaments found on handles of vessels and
utensils)
 the “binabbuy” (pig/ animal forms)
PHILIPPINE ART

 These forms create an impression of a close interaction

between the anitos, humans, and animals in a particular
time and space.
 BULUL
 both a granary god and a representation of the
ancestors of the people of the Cordilleras
 normally found in pairs, both male and female,
which gives the allusion of procreation
which conveys the importance of fertility
KINABBIGAT

 represent the human figures acting as

guardians carved out of posts usually
found at the entrance of a hut or granary
 
TATTAGU

 miniature versions of the bulul found on ladles, spoons, pipes, and

cane
PHILIPPINE ART

 The Maranao-Tausugs in the south are

indigenous peoples living around Lake Lanao
in northern Mindanao and the Tausugs who,
together with the Samal and Badjao, inhabit
the Sulu archipelago.
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 Just like the Cordilleras, they were able to resist

the foreign invasion, both Spanish and Americans,
thus preserved their own distinct cultural heritage,
most important of which is the art of woodcarving.
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 The traditional woodcarving design among the Maranaos is called okir and ukkil among the Tausugs.
3 MAJOR DESIGNS IN THE MARANAO TRADITION:

a) “Sari-manok”- symbol of the Maranaos, usually depicted as an upright bird with a small
fish which may hang from its beak or may serve as its base
3 MAJOR DESIGNS IN THE MARANAO TRADITION:

b.) “Naga”- represents the serpent, characterized by a dynamic S-curve, it also features a long
flaring beak at one end and a forked tail at the other end
3 MAJOR DESIGNS IN THE MARANAO TRADITION:

c.) “Pako rabong” (growing fern)- characterized by a broad upcurving base from
which the form similar to a developing plant with a curling leaves and tendrils
PHILIPPINE SCULPTURE

1. National Artist Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976)-

 “Monumento” (EDSA), crafted a sculpture in 1930
depicting Filipino revolutionaries in fighting, Bonifacio at
the center flanked by a flag-bearing Katipunero.
PHILIPPINE SCULPTURE
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(1890-1976)

• commemorates the most

proletariat of all Filipino
heroes, Andres
Bonifacio
• The monument likewise
marks the first
encounter between
Bonifacio and the
Katipuneros with the
Spanish soldiers on Aug.
3, 1896
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(1890-1976)

• In the opposite side of

the back of Bonifacio is
the execution of
Gomburza, followed by
the initiation rites into
the Katipunan.
• Bonifacio faced Tondo,
his birthplace.
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(1890-1976)

The monument is both factual

and symbolic. To point out his
philosophy, the artist placed the
sculpture in an octagonal base
whose eight sides represent the
eight Philippine provinces that
first rose to revolt against Spain
way back in 1896. The base
ascends three steps suggesting
the three centuries of Spanish
rule.
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(1890-1976)

• UP Oblation
• main symbol of the
University of the
Philippines
• the naked figure of a
young man with arms
outstretched wide and
face turned upward
symbolizing selfless
offering for one’s country
and humanity
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
(1890-1976)

• visual form of the second

stanza of Mi Ultimo Adios
• 3.5 meters high- 350 years of
Spanish rule on a pile of
rocks symbolizing the islands
of the Philippines
• Major rallying point of all
kinds of dissent, protest
actions, and social criticism,
as well as expression of
public service, nationalism,
and patriotism
Napoleon Velasco-Abueva

• Father of Modern
Philippine Sculpture
• Blood Compact
(Tagbilaran City,
Bohol)
• Transfiguration
( Eternal Gardens
Memorial Park)
Rey Paz Contreraz

• Known for using

junk materials in his
art
• Runs a studio near
the railroad tracks in
Tondo
Anastacio Caedo

• Protégé of Tolentino
• One of Philippines’ great
sculptors
• He was relegated the task of
building the other Oblation in
UP Baguio, Los Baῆos, and
Manila.
• Known for MacArthur Landing
in Leyte, Death March Memorial
in Tarlac, Jose Rizal monuments
in Heidelberg and Wilhelmsfeld
Germany and Juan Luna
monument in Madrid, Spain
PHILIPPINE
ARCHITECTURE

• BAHAY KUBO
earthquake and hurricane,
which were frequent, could not
shake
are still being used today
usually has only one, open,
large room for dwelling
called the “bulwagan”
BAHAY KUBO

• cellar- “silong”, where

most of the chores are
done

• Bayanihan- act of
moving the bahay kubo
to ther places
• Filipino value = spirit of
communal unity
PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

 Transformation followed when we were influenced by the

Mexicans, Spanish. Americans, Indians, Arabs, Chinese, and other
Asian cultures.
 Leandro Locsin said that Philippine architecture is a “hybrid art”-
coming from a lot of influences of the past transformed in its
significance today
 The Spanish introduced stones as housing and building material
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PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

 The introduction of Christianity brought European church architecture which subsequently

became the center of most towns and cities.
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 Spanish architecture can be found in Intramuros, Vigan, Iloilo, and other parts of the
Philippines.