University Institute Of Engineering

and Technology Kurukshetra

bmitted To:- Submitted

By:-
ashandeep sir Tusharth Handa
stant Professor 251804055
 Index
Shaper machine
Planer Machine
Slotter Machine
 INTRODUCTION
The shaping machine is used to flat metal surfaces
especially where a large amount of metal has to be
removed. Other machines such as milling machines
are much more expensive and are more suited to
removing smaller amounts of metal, very accurately
. The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside
the shaping machine can be seen in the diagram. As
the disc rotates the top of the machine moves
forwards and backwards, pushing a cutting tool. The
cutting tool removes the metal from work which is
carefully bolted down.
Working Principle:
The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table.
The single point cutting tool held properly in the
tool post is mounted on a reciprocating ram. The
reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by a
quick return motion mechanism. As the ram
reciprocates, the tool cuts the material during its
forward stroke. During return, there is no cutting
action and this stroke is called the idle stroke.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
ShaperAdvantages
Following Machine:
of Shaper are:
• The tool (Single Point cutting tool) cost is low.
• The workpiece can be held easily in this machine.
• It produces flat or angular surfaces.
• Setup of Shaper is very easy and tool changing is also easy.
Following disadvantages of Shaper Machine:
• The cutting speed is not much high.
• Only one cutting tool can be fixed. There is no option for more than one
cutting tool.
Application of Shaper Machine:
Following application of Shaper Machine are:
• A shaper Machine is used to make Internal splines.
• It generates straight and flat surfaces either horizontal, vertical or angular planes.
• It also makes gear teeth.
• Make keyways in pulleys or gears.
• It also Producing contour of concave/convex or a combination of these
Classification of Shaper Machines
Following are the different types of shaper machines.
1. Based on the type of driving mechanism.
1.Crank type shaper.
2.Geared type shaper.
3.Hydraulic type shaper.
2. Based on ram travel.
1.Horizontal shaper
2.Vertical shaper.
3. Based on the table design.
1.Standard shaper.
2.Universal shaper.
4. Based on cutting stroke.
1.Push cut type
2.Draw cut type
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SHAPER
 Base
 Column
 Table
 Cross Rail
 Ram
 Tool Head
 Clapper Box
 Elevating Screw
Shaper Machine Operations
The following are the shaper machine
operations:
1. Machining horizontal surface
2. Vertical surfaces
3. Angular surfaces
4. Irregular surfaces
5. Cutting slots, grooves, and keyways
6. Machining splines or cutting gears
Types of shaper Tools 

 According to the shape

1. Straight tool.
2. Cranked tool.
3. Goose necked tool.
 According to the direction of cutting:
1.Left hand tool.
2.Right hand tool.
 According to the finish required:
1.Roughing tool.
2.Finishing tool.
 According to the type of operation
1.Down cutting tool.
2.Parting off tool.
3.Squaring tool.
4.Side recessing tool.

 According to the shape of the cutting edge

1.Round nose tool.
2.Square nose tool.
 Cutting Speed :- The cutting speed of a shaper is the speed at which the metal is removed
by the cutting tool in one minute. In other words, only the forward cutting stroke is considered.
The speed is expressed in metre per minute.
 Feed :- Feed is the relative movement of the work or tool in a direction perpendicular to the
axis of reciprocation of the ram per double stroke. It is expressed in mm per stroke.
 Depth of Cut :- Depth of cut is the thickness of metal that is removed during machining.
The perpendicular distance measured between the machined surface and the uncut surface of
the workpiece is taken. It is expressed in mm or in inches.
 The optimal feed rate depends on:
 the work material,
 the finish required
 the depth of cut
 the type of cut, such as flat or dovetail

Planer Machine :-
A planer is a machine tool primarily designed to produce
planes and flat surfaces by a single-point cutting tool.
A planer machine is just like a shaper machine but, it is very
large and massive and it is capable of machining heavy jobs
which can’t be done by the shaper.
Working principle of Planer Machine

In a Planer Machine the job is fixed rigidly on the machine

table. A single point cutting tool held properly in the tool
post mounted on the reciprocating ram.
The reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by a quick
return motion mechanism.
As the ram reciprocates, the tool cuts the material during its
forward stroke. In return stroke, there is no cutting action
and this stroke is called the idle stroke.
Types of Planer Machines
 some common types:-
1. Divided table planer
2. Edge or plate planer
3. Pit planer
4. Open side planer
5. Standard or Double housing planer

Applications of Planer machine

 Below are some most common applications.
• Cutting slots and grooves
• Generating accurate flat and curved surfaces
• Cutting at an angle and machining dovetails
Which tool is used in planer machine?
A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that uses
linear relative motion between the workpiece and a single-
point cutting tool to cut the work piece. A planer is similar
to a shaper, but larger, and with workpiece moving,
whereas in a shaper the cutting tool moves.
Operations of Planer Machine :-
The planing of horizontal surfaces.
The planing of vertical surfaces.
Machining of angles.
The planing of curved surfaces.
The planing of slots and grooves.
What is Slotter Machine Or Slotting
Machine ?
It is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the
ram that holds the tool moves in the vertical axis. It is
almost similar to the shaper machine. In the shaper
machine, the ram reciprocates in the horizontal
direction, and in the slotter machine the ram
reciprocates in the vertical direction. The cutting
action in the slotter takes place during the downward
stroke of the ram, and there is no cutting in the return
stroke and called an idle stroke.
Slotter Machine Main Parts 
Base or Bed:
Column
Saddle
Cross Slide
Rotating or Circular Table
Ram
Tool Head
Ram Drive
Feed Drive
There are mainly four types of slotter machine :-
• Puncher Slotter.
• Precision Tool Room slotter.
• General Production Slotter.
• Keyseater Slotter.
Work holding device that can be on slotter
machine table:-
• T bolts and step block.
• Clamps.
• Vice.
• Parallel strips.
• Chuck.
• Special fixtures for holding.
• Adjustable block etc.
Slotter Machine Operations :-

1. Machining cylindrical surface.

2. Flat surface Machining.
3. Machining irregular surface and cam machining.
4. Machining slots, keyways and grooves.
Slotter Cutting Tools
 The cutting motion of a slotter is vertical (rather than
horizontal), slotter cutting tools differ from shaper and
planer tools. The cutting edge is formed on the end of
the cutting tool. This is so that it is placed under
compression and will cut when pushed endwise. The
cutting face that turns the shaving is on the end of the
tool
 A typical set of slotter cutting tools includes the
following:
 Roughing