Genetics: Part II

Predicting Offspring
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Key
Male Female Affected Affected Mating Offspring
male female

1st
generation Ff Ff ff Ff
1st
generation ww ww Ww
Ww 2nd
generation
2nd
generation FF or Ff ff ff Ff Ff ff
Ww ww ww Ww Ww ww 3rd
generation
3rd
generation ff FF
or
WW ww Ff
or
Ww

Widow’s No widow’s Attached Free

peak peak earlobe earlobe

(a) Is a widow’s peak a dominant or b) Is an attached earlobe a dominant

recessive trait? or recessive trait?
 Interpret this Pedigree
Is the trait dominant or recessive?
What is the genotype of the first born male in generation II?
What is the genotype of the youngest female in generation II?
Explain.
 Curriculum Framework

3A EK 3 inheritance provides an understanding

of the pattern of passage (transmission) of genes
from parent to offspring.
a. Rules of probability can be applied to
analyze passage of single gene traits from
parent to offspring.
Probability

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 Rule of Addition
• Rule of addition: Chance that an event can
occur 2 or more different ways.
– Sum of separate probabilities
– Ex.1/4 Pp +1/4 Pp 1/2 Pp

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 Rule of Multiplication
• The multiplication rule states that the
probability that two or more independent events
will occur together is the product of their
individual probabilities
• Chance that 2 or more independent events will
occur together
– Ex. Probability that 2 coins tossed at the
same time will land heads up
– Probability of H x H  HH
–½ x ½ = ¼
 Rule of Multiplication

Cross: GgSs x GgSS

• What is the probability of producing green,
smooth seeds in this cross?

• Solution
• Green = 3/4 Smooth = 4/4
• 3/4 X 4/4 = 12/16 = 3/4 probability of
producing green smooth seed
 From your formula chart:
If A and B are mutually exclusive,
then P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B)

If A and B are independent,

then P (A and B) = P(A) X P(B)

Ex. Probability of a couple having three girls?

Ex. Probability of a couple having three boys?
Ex. Probability of having three boys or three
girls? 10
 For example:

In a heterozygous cross YyRr

Probability of YYRR  1/4 (probability of YY)  1/4 (RR)  1/16

Probability of YyRR  1/2 (Yy)  1/4 (RR)  1/8

 Cross PpYyRr x PPyyrr
ppyyRr 1
/4 (probability of pp)  1/2 (yy)  1/2 (Rr)  1/16
ppYyrr  1/16
Ppyyrr ?
PPyyrr  ?
ppyyrr  1/16
Chance of at least two recessive traits  6/16 or 3/8
 Cross PpYyRr x Ppyyrr (Answer)
ppyyRr 1
/4 (probability of pp)  1/2 (yy)  1/2 (Rr)  1/16
ppYyrr 1
/ 4  1 /2  1 /2  1/16
Ppyyrr 1
/2  1 / 2  1 /2  2/16
PPyyrr 1
/4  1 / 2  1 /2  1/16
ppyyrr 1
/4  1 / 2  1 /2  1/16
Chance of at least two recessive traits  6/16 or 3/8
 Practice definitions

• Genotype • Heterozygous
• •
Complete theAllele
Phenotype genetics
• Monohybrid • Test cross
card sort matching the
• Dominant • F1
•
term with
Recessive
its definition
• F2
• P1
• Homozygous
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 Practice

• Now that you have reviewed some basic

genetics concepts solidify your skill by
completing the set of practice problems
available at
http://anthro.palomar.edu/practice/mendqui2.
htm

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Created by:

Debra Richards
Coordinator of K-12 Science Programs
Bryan ISD
Bryan, TX