MACHINES

VIBRATION II
Machinery Vibration
Machines vibrate even when they
are in the best operating
conduction. This vibration and
noise is generally due to minor
defects or matching parts that are
out of tolerance such as clearances
in bearings.
 Machinery vibration is a
complex combination of signals
created by a variety of internal
vibration sources.

Monitoring these signals is only

the detection part of a
maintenance program.
 A complete maintenance vibration program
requires technicians to have a basic
knowledge of how machines work, their
common problems and how repair them, the
ability to recognize and pinpoint mechanical
problems early and accurately, and the ability
to understand and use applied technology
diagnostic in determining an specific
problem, its severity, and the machine part
being affected.
 VIBRATION
CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics offered in vibration
analysis become the clues toward
describing and detecting unwanted
motions in a machine.

They are symptoms used in

determining any significant variation
and reflect the true mechanical
condition of a machine.
Vibration characteristics such
as cycle, displacement,
frequency phase, velocity, and
acceleration define the
dynamic properties of machine
misalignment, unbalance,
mechanical looseness,
resonance, bearing wear, or
gear defect.
Vibration characteristics become
valuable in a determining
machine condition because an
unwanted vibration is caused by
either a change in direction or
amount of vibration.
 Vibration Cycle
Vibration, when measured, is referred to
by its cycle or amplitude.

A vibration cycle is the complete

movement from the beginning to the
end of the vibration.

Vibration amplitude is the extent of

vibration movement measured from a
starting point to an extreme point
 Amplitude may be measured as peak or
peak-to-peak. Peak is the absolute value
from a zero point (neutral) to the maximum
travel on a waveform.

Peak-to-peak is the absolute value from

maximum positive travel to the maximum
negative travel in a waveform.

A waveform is a graphic representation of an

amplitude.
 Displacement
Displacement is the measurement of the
distance (amplitude) an object is
vibrating.

Peak-to-peak displacement is the

distance from the upper limit to the
lower limit.
 Frequency
Frequency is the number or cycles per
minute (cpm), cycles per second (cps).
 Vibration Velocity
Vibration velocity is the rate of change of
displacement of a vibrating object.

The amplitude of a vibration is measured as

the maximum value of its distance moved in
relation to the time of movement.
Vibration Acceleration
Vibration acceleration is the increasing
of vibration movement speed. It is the
time rate change of velocity.

The rate of acceleration reaches its

maximum value as an object goes
beyond its maximum limits of
displacement.