DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, GWALIOR

(UNDER THE AEGIS OF DPS SOCIETY, NEW DELHI)

2022-23
Social Science Holiday Homework

NAME- SARA SHARMA

Class- IX H
Topic- Tsunami
Submitted to- Mr. Sanjay Chattopadhyay
Page 1
 Index
• Acknowledgement: Page 3

• Tsunami and its types: Page 4-5

• Causes of Tsunami: Page 6

• Extent of damage: Page 7

• Factors responsible for Tsunami: Page 8

• Steps taken by the government to combat: Page 9-11

• Precautions to be taken: Page 12-14

• Legal support given to next kin of the victims: Page 15

• Do’s and don’ts: Page 16-17

• Lesson learnt from Tsunami: Page 18

Page 2
 Acknowledgement
• https://www.vedantu.com/geography/tsunami

• https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tsunami.html

• https://www.ctic.ioc-unesco.org/faq-main/131-what-types-of-tsunamis-exist#:~:text=Local%20tsunami%3A,to%20w
arn%2Fevacuate%20the%20population

• https://iotic.ioc-unesco.org/what-causes-tsunami/

• https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/community-safety/tsunami#:~:text=Tsunami%20are%20waves%20caused%
20by,meteorite%20impact%20in%20the%20ocean

• https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/what-are-the-precautions-taken-during-tsunami-5b830075e4b0a50233
a8b4d4

• https://www.slideshare.net/maheswarijaikumar/dos-donts-in-disaster

• https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&hl=en&sxsrf=ALiCzsZU70KfnSM96z7y-e2mmUG0Iahqgg:16531452376
82&q=Lessons+learned+from+tsunami&spell=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioyp317fD3AhXTTWwGHWm6CzMQBSgAegQI
GhAw&biw=1920&bih=961&dpr=1

Page 3
 Tsunami and its types
•  Tsunami is a very large wave in the sea which destroys things when it reaches the land,
and is often caused by movements under the surface of the earth.

• Out in the depths of the ocean, tsunami waves do not dramatically increase in height. But
as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher and higher heights as the depth of the
ocean decreases

Types of Tsunami
There are three types of Tsunami:

• Local Tsunami
• Regional Tsunami
• Distant Tsunami
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 Local Tsunami
• A local tsunami is one that originates from within about 100 km or less than 1 hour tsunami travel time from the impacted
coastline.
• Local tsunamis can result in a significant number of casualties since authorities have little time to warn/evacuate the
population. 

Regional Tsunami
• A regional tsunami is one that is capable of destruction in a particular geographical region, generally within 1,000 km from
its source.
• Regional tsunamis can arrive to affected coastlines within 1-3 hours of being generated, however, as with local tsunamis, due
to the limited warning time they can still prove very destructive and deadly.

Distant Tsunami
• A distant tsunami is one that originates from a source, generally more than 1,000 km or more than 3 hours tsunami travel
time from the impacted coastline.
• These tsunamis are less frequent, but more hazardous than regional tsunamis, as they usually start as a local tsunami that
causes extensive destruction to a shoreline near the source, and the waves continue to travel across an entire ocean basin
with sufficient energy to cause additional casualties and destruction on shores more than a 1,000 km from the source.
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 Causes of Tsunami

• Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes on converging  tectonic plate boundaries.

• According to the Global Historical Tsunami Database, since 1900, over 80% of likely
tsunamis were generated by earthquakes.

• However, tsunamis can also be caused by landslides, volcanic activity, certain types of

weather, and—possibly—near-earth objects (e.g., asteroids, comets) colliding with or
exploding above the ocean.

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 Extent of damage
• Destruction

• Death

• Disease

• Environmental Impacts

• Electricity

• Debris/sediments of soil
Page 7
 Factors responsible for Tsunami
• Earthquakes

• Landslides on the sea floor

• Land slumping into the ocean

• Meteorological Conditions

• Volcanic Eruption

• Extraterrestrial Collision
Page 8
 Steps taken by the government to combat

• Hard structural measures refer to seawalls, dikes, tsunami

breakwaters, tsunami gates, evacuation shelters etc.

• Coastal structures often are protected / fronted by hard and soft

measures beach vegetation.

• Page 10 has some information that government had provided:-

Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
 Precautions to be taken
Before Tsunami
• If you have a disability or special requirements, arrange with your support network to alert
you of any warnings and emergency broadcasts.

• Always advance a Household Emergency Plan and have a Getaway Kit ready with you.

• Know where the nearest high ground is and how you will reach it. Plan to get as high up or
as far inland as you can.

• Plan your escape route for when you are at home, as well as for when you may be working
or holidaying near the coast.

Page 12
During Tsunami
• Do not wait! Leave as soon as you see any natural signs of a tsunami or receive an official
tsunami warning.

• If in any case, one cannot escape the tsunami, then he/she should go to an upper storey of a
sturdy building or climb onto a roof or up a tree. Or grab a floating object and hang on until
help arrives.

• Never go to the shore to watch for a tsunami. Always try to stay away from at-risk areas
until the official all-clear is given.

• Listen to your local radio stations as emergency management officials will be broadcasting
the most appropriate advice for your community and situation.

• If one is in a boat, they should get out to sea.

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 After Tsunami
• Be aware that there may be more than one wave and it may not be safe for up to
24 hours, or longer. The waves that follow the first one may also be bigger.

• Check yourself for injuries and get first aid if needed. Help others if you can.

•  One should extreme caution while re-entering homes or buildings, floodwaters

may have damaged buildings. 

• Do not visit for any sightseeing.

Page 14
 Legal support given to next kin of the victims

• In some of the tsunami-affected countries,

governments established special institutions to oversee the
distribution of donor funds and the management of the
reconstruction effort.

• National Calamity Contingency Fund is created at the central

government level.

Page 15
 Do’s & don’ts
Do’s
• Remain calm

• If there is an earthquake too, protect yourself from falling debris first.

• Immediately head inland & to higher ground.

• Know whether you are in a tsunami hazard zone or not.

• Know where the nearest tsunami escape route is.

Page 16
Don’ts
• Don’t think it’s over too soon.( Aftershocks, landslides & tsunami are
possible )

• If outdoors, don’t go by cliffs or slopes & if you are be alert of falling rocks/
debris.

• If in a vehicle, don’t get out of it.

• Don’t go outside- stay inside until you are sure if it is safe to exit.

• Don’t go by windows- you may get injured by shattered glass.

Page 17
 Lessons learnt from Tsunami

1.Build resilient communities

2.Focus on disaster preparedness and stronger internal

frameworks

Page 18
 Thank
You
A presentation by Sara Sharma
( IX H ) Page 19