Skin diseases

MIC341
Learning Outcomes

Identify the causative agents that caused the skin diseases

Describe the pathogenesis of the skin diseases

Explain the prevention and treatment for skin diseases

General Concepts in Medical Microbiology

Symptoms
and signs

Prevention and Mode of

treatment transmission

Laboratory
Causative Agents
Diagnosis

Pathogenesis of the
disease
Anatomy of the skin
 Microbial Skin
Diseases

Bacterial

Viral Fungal
Bacterial Skin Diseases

Impetigo
Erysipelas
Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Acne
 Impetigo
common and highly contagious skin infection

mainly affects infants and children.

Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

infect the outer layers of skin, called the epidermis

Sign and Symptoms :

• red sores on the face,
• especially around a child's nose and mouth, and on hands and feet
• The sores burst and develop honey-coloured crusts
 PATHOGENESIS
Minor break in the skin Staphylococcus turns
Staphylococcus acts
(grazed areas on the into a pathogen by
as a normal flora of the
skin) – failure of invading the physical
skin
physical barrier (skin) barrier

Autoinoculation Host respond by Stimulates

(infection spreading) showing the symptoms inflammatory response
process occurred by – inflammation, pus but failed because of
hyaluronidase and lesions protein A blocks
chemotaxis

If phagocytic cell The lesions break, a Symptom of fever

occurs, toxins yellow-crusted area formed if the infection
produced to kill the cell formed is severe
 Erysipelas

Infection typically with a skin rash

Begins as a small, bright, raised, rubbery

lesion.

Lesions are so sharply defined.

The edge of the erythema is well

demarcated.

Caused by haemolytic streptococci.

 PATHOGENESIS
S.pyogenes enter into the broken skin or wounds

Produce hyaluronidase enzyme (an enzyme that dissolves the

hyaluronic acid in the connective tissue, where it serve to cement
the cell together)

Local inflammation and invasion ( reddish patches with raised margin

occur at the site of infection-well demarcated erythema)

Erysipelas disease
 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

Occur in under 2 years children.

characterised by red blistering skin that looks like a

burn

caused by the release of two exotoxins (epidermolytic

toxins A and B) from toxigenic strains of the bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus

Upper skin layer separate and peel off in leaflike

sheets.
 PATHOGENESIS

After 24 to 48 hours, it
The exotoxin travel The lesions dry and
Baby skin invaded by Upper skin layer spread to form
through the blood scale and the skin
S.aureus because of separate and peel off in large ,soft, easily
stream to sites far from returns to normal in 7
low in antibodies leaflike sheets. ruptured vesicles over
the initial infection. to 10 days
the whole body
Necrotizing
Fasciitis
known as flesh-eating disease

an infection that results in the death

of parts of the body's soft tissue

A red or swollen area of skin that

spreads quickly

because Group A strep already on

the skin get inside a wound after an
injury or surgery
 Folliculitis

common skin condition

hair follicles become inflamed

Look like small red bumps or white-headed pimples around

hair follicles.

caused by  Staphylococcus aureus.

initial stages, may look like a rash, a patch of small red

bumps, or yellow- or white-tipped pimples.
 Cellulitis

potentially serious bacterial skin infection

The affected skin appears swollen and red and

is typically painful and warm to the touch.

occurs when certain types of bacteria enter the

skin through a cut or crack

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria can

cause this infection
 Acne
also known as acne vulgaris

occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin
cells

occurs when sebaceous (oil) glands attached to the hair follicles

are stimulated at the time of puberty or due to other hormonal
changes.

affects areas of the skin with a relatively high number of oil

glands.

Acne scars are caused by inflammation within the dermal layer of

skin
 Types Of Acne

Whiteheads 
closed plugged pores

Blackheads 
open plugged pores

Papules
Small red, tender bumps

Pustules
papules with pus at their tips

Nodules Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface of

the skin

Cystic lesions Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface of

the skin
Herpes Simplex Virus
Infections
a contagious virus that can be
transmitted from person to person
through direct contact.
Children will often contract HSV-1
from early contact with an infected
adult
carry the virus with them for the rest of
their lives
 Varicella Zoster Virus Infections

caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

highly contagious

After the primary infection, VZV stays in the body (in the
sensory nerve ganglia) as a latent infection.

Reactivation of latent infection causes herpes zoster

(shingles)
Human Papilloma Virus
Infections
viral infection that commonly
causes skin or mucous membrane
growths (warts)
Common warts appear as rough, raised
bumps and usually occur on the hands
and fingers.
Also caused genital warts in females
and males
a skin infection caused by the
virus Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum Contagiosum ( Pox Virus)

The lesions, known as Mollusca, are
small, raised, and usually white, pink,
or flesh-colored with a dimple or pit in
the center

The small bumps are usually painless

but it may become itchy, sore, red,
and/or swollen.

It will disappear on their own and rarely

leave scars when they're left untreated.
 Fungal Skin Infections

in moist areas of the body where skin surfaces meet: between the

toes, in the genital area, and under the breasts

Athlete's foot is a very common infection

Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the

foot

It causes peeling, redness, itching, burning, and

sometimes blisters and sores