AIR CONDITIONING &

VENTILATION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Prepared by: Engr. Catherine D. Geron
ASHRAE
 American Society of Heating Refrigerating &
Air conditioning Engineers

 Define air conditioning as a process of

treating air so as to control simultaneously its
temperature, humidity, cleanliness and
distribution to meet the condition of a given
space.
Types of Air conditioning System
1. Window Type Air Conditioners
 a small package A/C units consist of direct

expansion refrigeration as cooling system,

condenser fan, circulating fan and control
system. It is understood to serve one space or
many units serving larger space.
2. Split Type Air Conditioners
 Consist of outdoor unit which are typically

condenser and compressor and the indoor

that cools air before air is supplied to the
condition space. It is usually installed inside
the condition space.

Single Split A/C units- consist of one indoor unit to

match one outdoor unit.

Multi-Split A/C units- consist of two or more

indoor units to match one outdoor unit.
Single Split A/C Multi Split A/C
3. Roof Top Package A/C units
 Are larger package type A/C and are usually

installed outside the condition space typically on

the roof top of the building where it served. It
consist of components of refrigeration such as:

Cooling/heating coil
Condenser coil
Compressor
Circulating fan
Condenser fan for air cooled condenser
Air intake portch
Supply air portch
Package controller and control panel build in the system
3. Roof Top Package A/C units
4. Chilled water A/C units
 Consist of refrigeration circuit and chilled water
circuit. The chilled water A/C are manufactured
in small capacity 3 to 15 tons, while the large
capacity units are made from 50 to 500 tons of
refrigeration.

The refrigeration circuit consist of simple vapor

refrigeration components and its system controller

The chilled water circuit consist of package water

chiller, chilled water circulation pump, air handlers
such as FCU and AHU, connecting chilled water
piping and system controller
 4 Necessary Action to operate A/C
equipment effectively:
1. Action to control the temperature through
thermostat and controlling valves

Example:

 Temperature Control for Winter A/C- (heating of

air) requires automatic control of heating source as
a means of maintaining desired room temperature.
 Temperature Control for Summer A/C-(cooling of

air) requires automatic control of refrigerating

system to maintain desired room temperature.
 4 Necessary Action to operate A/C
equipment effectively:
2. Humidity control through thermostat and
humidifier or duct heater

Example:

 Humidity Control for Winter Condition- usually requires

automatic control of the addition of moisture to heating
system by use of humidifier.

 Humidity Control for Summer Condition- usually requires

automatic control of the dehumidifier wherein the air to
be cooled is pass over a cold evaporator surface.
 4 Necessary Action to operate A/C
equipment effectively:
3. Action to filter air through air filtering device on
Air Handling Equipment, air purification including
air freshener.

Example:

 Air filtering for all air condition unit is necessary to

ensure supply air cleanliness by removing the
contaminated particles as dust, smokes, microbes, etc.

 Filter using activated carbon & electrostatic precipitation

may be added to usual filtering mechanism to improve
cleaning processes.
 4 Necessary Action to operate A/C
equipment effectively:
4. Action control air motion to a given space through circulating fans
and modulating damper.

Example:

 Air motion and circulation to a given space are usually check during
testing and commissioning stage. These can be accomplished by
the use of the following:

 Modulating damper- normally install at the intake to air handler or to the air
duct branch system to make necessary balancing of air distribution to each
room

 Variable air volume box- normally installed at the supply duct system to vary
the supply air flow rate. This box is being control by the room thermostat
upon receiving the signal, the box damper will either open or close following
the input signal.
Factors Influencing Human Comfort

1. Human heat loss due to convection,

evaporation & radiation in human
body
2. Insulating factor
3. Physiological Factors
4. Thermal Comfort Factor
Factors Influencing Human Comfort
5. Noise beyond acceptable limit cause discomfort
Example: If a person is wearing appropriate
clothing and activity the following range of air
condition are acceptable:
a) Operative space temperature: 20 to 26oC

b) Humidity: should fall w/in a dew point of 2 to

17oC
c) Air Velocity: air velocity at human breathing
level approximately 1.0 to 1.8m from finished
floor level is up to 0.25m/sec
Factors Influencing Human Comfort
HAVE A NICE DAY