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Anealing Types
Anealing Types
Anealing Types
Treatment of
Metals
Types of Heat-Treatment (Steel)
Annealing
Tempering, and Quenching
Precipitation hardening
Case hardening
Annealing
A heat treatment process in which a metal is exposed to an
elevated temperature for an extended time period and
then slowly cooled.
Purpose:
•Relieve stresses of cold working
•Increase softness, ductility and toughness
•Produce specific microstructure
Types of Annealing
1. Stress-Relief Annealing (or Stress-relieving)
2. Normalizing
3. Full Annealing
4. Spheroidizing Annealing (or Spheroidizing )
5. Isothermal Annealing
Heat Treatment
Temperature
←Acm
The temperature
ranges to which the
A3→
steel has to be
heated for different
heat treatments
Iron-C Phase Diagram
B
Temp Ranges for Annealing Processes
1. Full Annealing
- For compositions less than eutectoid, the metal is heated above
A3 line to form austenite (723 to 900 ˚C)
- For compositions larger than eutectoid, the metal is heated
above A1 line to form austenite and Fe3C
- Cooled slowly in a furnace instead in air as in Normalizing.
Furnace is switched off, both metal and furnace cool at the same
rate
Usually applied for low
-Microstructure outcome: Coarse and medium C steel
Pearlite. In Normalizing,
structure?
-Structure is relatively softer than
that in Normalizing
-Full annealing is normally used
Steel
with
0.5% C
Normalizing after Rolling
After hot rolling, the
structure of steel is usually
oriented in the rolling
direction
To remove the oriented
structure and obtain the
uniform mechanical
properties in all directions,
a normalizing annealing has
to be performed
Normalizing after Forging
• After forging at high temperatures,
especially with work-pieces that vary widely
in cross sectional size, because of the
different rates of cooling from the forging
temperature, a heterogeneous structure is
obtained that can be made uniform by
normalizing
• Normalizing is also done to improve