Analog & Pulse Circuits

UNIT II
TUNED AMPLIFIERS
K.Aruna Kumari
Assistant Professor
ECM Dept
SNIST
 Tuned Amplifiers
• Definition:
Tuned amplifiers are used for the amplification of a
specific frequency signal or a narrowband
frequency signal. Basically high frequency or radio
frequency signals are amplified using tuned
amplifiers. Tuning (i.e., selecting) of frequency is
done by using a tuned or resonant circuit at the
load. Tuned amplifier uses a parallel LC circuit as
load to tune to resonant frequency.
• Series Tuned Circuit
The inductor and capacitor connected in series
make a series tuned circuit

• Parallel Tuned Circuit

The inductor and capacitor
connected in parallel make
a parallel tuned circuit
• At resonant frequency, a parallel resonant
circuit offers high impedance.
• The resonance frequency is

• The impedance of tuned circuit is

Resonance Frequency Curve
• The response of tuned amplifiers is maximum at
resonant frequency and it falls sharply for
frequencies below and above the resonant
frequency.
• At resonance, inductive and capacitive effects of
tuned circuit cancel each other.
• As a result, circuit is like resistive and voltage and
current are in phase.
• For frequencies above resonance circuit is
capacitive and for frequencies below resonance is
like inductive.
• Since tuned circuit is purely resistive at resonance
it can be used as load for amplifier.
• When an amplifier circuit has its load replaced
by a tuned circuit, such an amplifier can be
called as a Tuned amplifier circuit.
 Quality (Q) Factor

• The Q is the ratio of reactance to resistance.

• It is the measure of how pure or real an
inductor.
• The Q factor also can be defined as the
measure of efficiency with which inductor can
store the energy.
• Dissipation Factor(D): It can be referred to as
the total loss within a component is defined as
1/Q
• Series circuit • Parallel circuit

• Inductive impedance

• Inductive admittance
 BW=

• Quality factor equation

• Relation between Q Factor and Bandwidth

• Unloaded Q:
– When the parallel LC circuit is assumed to be not
connected to any external circuit or load, Q
accounts for the internal losses and is called
unloaded Qu
• Loaded Q :
– In practice the parallel LC circuit will be connected
to a generator and load . Hence energy dissipation
should be calculated taking in external load and
the tuned circuit.
– The loaded quality factor is QL
• Single tuned amplifiers: uses one parallel tuned
circuit as load in each stage and all these tuned
circuits in different stages are tuned to the same
frequency.
single tuned multistage amplifier
• Double tuned amplifiers: uses two inductively
coupled tuned circuits in each stage of the
amplifier. Both the tuned circuits are tuned to
the same frequency to get sharp response.
• Stagger tuned amplifiers: uses number of
single tuned stages in cascade . The successive
tuned circuits are tuned slightly to different
frequencies.
 Single Tuned Capacitive Coupled Amplifier

• Single tuned multistage amplifier circuit uses one parallel tuned circuit as a
load in each stage tuned circuits in all stages tuned to the same frequency.
• The tuned circuit formed by L and C acts as collector load and resonates at
frequency of operation.
• Resistors R1 ,R2 and RE along with capacitor Ce provides self bias for the
circuit.
+
• The effective quality factor including load can
be calculated looking at the simplified
equivalent output circuit for single tuned
amplifier.
• From the output circuit
• VO=-gmVb’e Z
• Where Z is the impedance of C, L and Rt in
parallel.
3dB bandwidth
Tapped Single Tuned Capacitance Coupled Amplifier
• The above circuit is the tuned circuit which is
part of amplifier.
• Coils L1 and L2 are continuous winding in
which point b is a tapping point.
• The total inductance is
• The parallel connection of Ri and can be
resolved into the series circuit as shown in fig
(b) where
• The resistance RP is

• Small value of Ri can be transformed to much larger

value of RP in shunt with the tuned circuit.
• This will allow a higher Q value to be obtained and Q
of the resonant circuit can be adjusted by tap location
this allows control of bandwidth.
Single Tuned Transformer Coupled or
Inductively Coupled Amplifier
• In this circuit, the voltage developed across the
tuned circuit is inductively coupled to the next stage.
Coil L, of the tuned circuit, and the inductor coupling
the voltage to the II stage, L2 form' a transformer
with mutual coupling M.
• This type of circuit is also used, where the input Z of
the II stage is smaller or different from the tuned
circuit. So Z matching is done by the transformer
depending on its turns ratio. In such requirements,
this type of circuit is used.
• The resistors RI, R2 and R; and R2 are the biasing
resistors. The parallel tuned circuit,
• L and C resonates at the frequency of operation.
Fig. Equivalent output circuit
 Fig. Simplified circuit

Ro gives the value of M for maximum power

transfer.
Substitute eqn. M in the eqn. Ro we get

Therefore from above equation , for a given value

of Ro and coefficient of coupling K and Ri, we can
determine L2 for maximum transformer of power.
Under conditions of maximum transfer of
power, total resistance appearing in shunt with
the coil equals Ro/2.
• Since it is resonant circuit, at resonance, Z =
resistance only. maximum power, R = Rl2.

• We know that
 From the above equations

IZI of the output circuit at any frequency ‘w' close

to ‘wo' is given by,