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Construction of DC Machine
Construction of DC Machine
D.C. Machine
Essential requirements:
Magnetic field
Conductors
Rotation
Sectional view of a DC machine:
Main Parts:
Yoke
Armature
Armature Winding
Commutator
V=I.R
V=I x Ra
Pg=Eg x I
Ia=Ish+ IL
Ia= IL= Isc= I
Ish= V/ Rsh
V=Eg−Ia×Ra
V = Eg− Iax Ra
Pg= I x Eg
Pg=Eg× Ig
Isc= IL
Ish = Rsh/ V
Ics= IL + Ish Ish= (V + Isc.Rsc)/Rsh
Ics= Ia
Ia=Isc+ IL
V=Eg− Ia(Ra−Rsc)
V = Eg−Ia.Ra− Isc.Rsc
Armature winding:
The armature winding is the main current-carrying winding in
which the electromotive force or counter-emf of rotation is
induced.
The current in the armature winding is known as the
Armature Current.
The location of the winding depends upon the type of machine.
The armature windings of dc motors are located on the rotor,
since they must operate in union with the commutator.
In DC rotating machines other than brushless DC machines, it is
usually rotating.
Terms related to Armature Winding:
Conductor: The length of wire embedded in the slot
Turn: The two conductor placed in different slots when connected together to form a turn.
Coil: The two active conductor i.e back and front conductor constitute one coil. The coil
may be single turn coil or multi turn coil.
Types of Armature Winding
Armature Winding
2. Lap winding is also known as parallel windings. 2. Wave winding is also known as series winding.
3. The number of parallel path is equal to the number 3. The number of parallel paths is always equal to 2
of poles i.e., A = P. i.e., A = 2.
4. The number of brush required by this windingis always 4. The number of brushes required by this winding
equal to the number of poles. is always equal to 2.
5. The machine using lap winding requires equalizer rings 5. The machine using wave winding does require dummy
for obtaining better commutation. coils to provide the mechanical balance for the armature.
6. Lap windings are used for low voltage and high current 6. Wave windings are used for high voltage and low
machines. current machines.
7. Lap windings are generally used for machines of ratings 7. Wave windings are generally used for machines of
above 500 kW. ratings below 560 kW
Condition for Simplex Lap Winding
Condition for Simplex Wave Winding