SCIENCE PROJECT Chris Allen M.

Mejia
The Digestive
System
• This process of breaking down of food into
nutrients for the use of body cells is called
digestion.
• The digestive system is made up of groups of
organ that work together to digest food so it
can be used by the body.
• mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• small intestine & large intestine
• accessory organs
• such as the salivary glands, gall
bladder, liver and pancreas.
DIGESTION
PROCESS
• Digestion begins in the mouth. Inside
your mouth are the teeth and the
tongue.
• teeth cut the food into small pieces and
the tongue helps the food move in the
mouth while chewing.
• Tongue also helps push the food into the
esophagus when swallowing. When
chewing, the food is softened and
moistened by the saliva from the salivary
glands.
• Saliva contains the enzyme amylase
that digests starch.
DIGESTION
PROCESS
• From the mouth, food travels down to the
esophagus
• Esophagus is a long, straight muscular tube
that connects the mouth to the stomach.
• It is about 25 cm long.
• It squeezes and pushes down food down to
the stomach through the contraction and
relaxation movements of the muscle.
• This squeezing movement of muscles is
called PERISTALSIS
• It is an involuntary movement that is
controlled by the brain.
DIGESTION PROCESS
• The stomach is a muscular baglike
organ at the end of the esophagus.
It secretes acid and enzymes to
digest the food and mixes it with
the gastric juices through peristalsis
until it become a thick , soupy
mixture.
• This thick, soupy mixture of
partly digested food is the chyme
• Gastric juices help in breaking down
proteins and destroy microorganism
in the food.
DIGESTION
PROCESS
• From your stomach, the soupy mixture or
chyme is slowly released through peristalsis
into the small intestine.
• Small intestine
• narrow folded tube about 2.5 cm wide
and 7 m long.
• Before the soupy mixture reaches the
small intestine, it is mixed with fluids from
the liver and the pancreas.
• Liver releases bile which is stored in the gall
bladder.
• Bile helps digests fats.
• The pancreas releases pancreatic juices that
help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins.
DIGESTION PROCESS
• in the small intestine final digestion takes place. the
digestive juices or enzymes in the small intestine
change the food into thin soluble substances that can
pass through the villi.
• From the villi the digested food goes to the
bloodstream and is distributed to the different
parts of the body. The distribution of the digested
food Is in coordination with the circulatory system
which takes care of transporting the nutrients,
together with the oxygen, to all cells of the body
DIGESTION
PROCESS
• During the process of digestion, not all
parts of food get digested. some are left
undigested. As peristalsis continues, The
undigested food, fluid and all their cells
from the gastrointestinal tract move to the
large intestine.
• The walls of the large intestine absorb
the water in change the waste into
solid. the solid waste moves to the
rectum and is eliminated through the
anus. The solid waste is called feces or
stool. the process of elimination of
solid waste by the body is called
defecation or bowel movement
THE ROLE OF YOUR
TEETH IN
DIGESTION
• Your teeth are very important at the start
of the digestion process in the mouth.
Before you swallow your food, you must
chew them well. You need a good set of
teeth for you to chew your food well.
• Your teeth are of different size and shapes
because they have different functions. An
adult has 32 permanent teeth: eight
incisors, four canines, eight premolars, and
12 molars. These are held in place by the
gums.
• You should take care of your teeth. Food
reach in calcium and vitamins C and D are
good for your teeth. You must also brush
your teeth at least two times a day and
visit your dentist once or twice a year.