PNEUMATIC SAND FILTERING

MACHINE
GROUP MEMBERS
Abhay Chaudhary - 302

Siddhesh Bansode -323

Amey Ghadigaonkar - 332

Apurva Muthaye - 344

INTRODUCTION
• Sand is one of the mostly widely used material in construction purpose and
many other fields. But we cannot directly use sand as there are impurities in
it.
• It is often seen that the sand filtration is required at construction work at
home, in neighborhood, in college and at the other construction site like
bridge, large buildings etc.
• Traditionally in order to filter sand manual methods were used which
consumes more time and labour effort.
• So to overcome this problem, the idea of pneumatic sand filtering machine
came into picture.
• This sand filtering machine will operate with the help of compressed air using
pneumatic system which will make the overall process efficient..
 1 Problem Definition

Literature Review
2
Problem Solving
3
Calculation
4
5 Designing

Analysis
6
Ordering Parts
7
METHODOLOG 8 Fabrication
Y
Testing
9
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Vijay Saini; sand filtering machine. This research paper explains the use of sand
filtration in construction sites and why it is so important. It also provides analysis of
technology used commonly in this sector in terms of cost assessment and it's
suitability in Indian climate.
• Vishal tambat; pneumatic shearing and bending machine research paper in civil
and mechanical engineering : This research paper provide the calculation of
pressure required to move the object and the volume air consumed in it
• Suman Pathak; A detailed report on design and analysis of sand sieving machine.
This review paper did the Detailed study on the relevance of topology optimization
and total deformation. This paper also shows how design analysis is important to
apply scientific knowledge to the solution of technical problem
• Mohd Effi Mohjee. Design and Fabricate Sieve Machine .This research paper gives
basic idea of various fabrication processes required
COMPONENTS
Pneumatic Cylinder Mesh

Air Compressor Arduino UNO

 M.S Square Pipe Pneumatic Regulator

Pneumatic pipe & fittings Jumper wire and relay

 WORKING
• This machine operates with the help
pneumatic systems.
• As it includes pneumatic systems, the
reciprocating motion of the mesh will be
carried out by compressed air.
• The input to solenoid valve would be given
by arduino UNO and hence the motion of
the piston would be automated.
• Tossing the sand on to the mesh would be
the only activity where human interference
is required, rest the filtration would be
automatic as the pneumatic cylinder
piston rod would be reciprocating
automatically with the help of arduino.
CIRCUIT
• First we connect the three jumper wires to
the three terminals of the 5V relay i.e IN,
GND and VCC
• Then the jumper wire from VCC terminal to
5V pin on arduino UNO.
• Connect the jumper wire from GND
terminal of relay to GND pin of arduinoUNO.
• Then connect jumper wire from IN terminal to pin 8 of arduino UNO
• Connect two wires to the coil and connect one end of wire to two pin plug.
• Take another and connect it to NO port of relay.
• And lastly connect the other end of NO port wire to the two pin plug and the
connection is done. Now connect the arduino UNO to the laptop and upload the code
on it.
CODE
const int relayPi n =8; // Set signal pin
void setup ( ) {
pinMode ( relayPin , OUTPUT) ; // Set the signal pin as an
output
}
void loop ( ) {
digitalWrite ( relayPin , LOW) ; // Turn the signal off
delay ( 5 0 0 ) ; // Pause
digitalWrite ( relayPin , HIGH ) ; // turn the signal on
delay ( 5 0 0 ) ; // Pause
}
FABRICATION
• First we order all the parts required for the project.
• Then the first step to do fabricate the frame according to design.
• To fabricate the frame ,cutting of M.S square rods is carried out according to the
dimensions using the power hacksaw.
• Then the rods which has been cut are welding together using metal arc welding
process.
• After welding the frame is let to cool down.
• Then mounting the wheels, rollers, handles and pneumatic cylinder is done.
• Connections of arduino, Jumpers, Relay and Solenoid valve is done.
• Then pneumatic cylinder is connected to air compressor using pneumatic fittings and
pneumatic lines.
• After doing all the mounting and connection, air compressor is turned on and set to
required pressure required and the code is ran and the machine starts working.
CALCULATIONS
 CALCULATIO
Where, N
fs = Friction Force (N)
F = Force required to move the mesh (N)
m = mass of sand + mass of mesh frame (kg)
D = cylinder bore
d = piston rod diameter
L = stroke length
fy = 0
N = mg cos(5)
N = 147.15 cos(5)
N = 146.59N ...........(1)
fs = µs × N ...........(2)
fs = 0.4 × 146.59 (for material P V C µs = 0.4, from 1 and 2)
∴ fs = 58.64N ...........(3)
 CALCULATIO
fx = 0 N
F + mg sin(5) − fs = 0
F = fs − mg sin(5)
F = 58.64 − 147.15 sin(5) ............(from 3)
∴ F = 45.82N

Pressure required to generate this force(F) = P = F

A
∴P = 45.82 x 4
CALCULATIO
N
 ANALYSIS
• Analysis of frame was done where a load of
100N was applied which is around weight of
2 shovels of sand.Material used for frame is
Mild steel and square cross section is used
of 25 x 25 mm and thickness 3 mm. On
doing the analysis the deformation found
was 0.009mm which is very desirable and
hence the designed frame has considerable
strength and is suitable for the project.
• Analysis of handle was done where a load
of 200N was applied.Material used for
frame is Mild steel and square cross
section is used of 25 x 25 mm and
thickness 3 mm. On doing the analysis the
deformation found was 1.5mm.
 ADVANTAGES
The pneumatics is more No fire hazard
efficient in the technical Low maintenance cost problem due to
fields overloading

Continuous operation is Easy to arrange according to Useful for every

possible without stopping. varying speed and pressure. small-scale industry
 DISADVANTAGES
System is sensitive
Load carrying capacity is High torque cannot be obtained to external
low environment

The improper calculations

The air compressing system should be
System is very noisy prepared with specific temperature &
pressure of air.
will lead to liquification of
the air, which will destroy
the inner wall of the
pneumatic system.
COST ESTIMATE:
ITEM PRICE
Air Compressor 6900/-
Pneumatic Cylinder 1500/-
Pneumatic Pipes 200/-
Pneumatic Fittings 200/-
Pneumatic regulator 7000/-
Mesh 350/-
Arduino UNO 550/-
Single Channel Relay 70/-
Jumper Cable 60/-
Solenoid Valve 1200/-
M.S Pipe 2000/-
Total 13730/-
CONCLUSION:
• The main purpose to make this project was sand filtering in less time than sand
filtration by hand or manually, which has been achieved.

• This project increases the efficiency of work at construction sites and reduces the
labour effort.

• Compared to electric sand filtering machine, this project will have less parts to be
replaced to be replaced from time to time. .
FUTURE SCOPE:
• This project can be used in agriculture field to filter grains by replacing the mesh
according to grain size.

• Precision of filtration can be increased by adding multiple meshes.

• A mechanism can be developed further which will ensure constant input of

sand.
REFERENCES:
• V Chandramohan, T Ragunath, S Sanjith, G Santhoshvishnu, and N Vivek. Design
and fabrication of automated sand filter and waste separator machine.
• Mohd Effi Mohjee. Design and Fabricate Sieve Machine. PhD thesis, UMP, 2008.
• Suman Pathak, Anish Poudel, Lekhnath Gyawali, and suman bhattarai. A detailed
report on design and analysis of sand sieving machine, 02 2021.
• Vijay Saini. Sand filter machine project. https://drive.google.com/file/d/
1Iu9UfTC8VOBHMgx9Yc5LnM_HE1LqfUMV/view, February 2016.
• SL Sanda. How to make sand filter machine. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?
v=UvyZiYhz0BI&t=540s.
• Vishal Tambat, Nilkanth Rane, Omkar Savant, and Pankaj Yadav. Pneumatic
shearing and bending machine. International Journal of Recent Research in Civil
and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME) Vol, 2:9–18, 2015.
Thank
you!