FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

ON
UPGRADATION AND ESTIMATION OF RURAL ROAD OF BAGMARA FROM SHIPLINGTARA TO
CHISAPANI OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN CITY

IOE, Pashchimanchal Campus, Lamachaur-16, Pokhara

Submitted By: Submitted To: Supervisor:

Nischal Pokhrel (PAS074BCE070) Department of Civil Engineering Er. Sabina Poudel

Nitesh Risal (PAS074BCE071) Pashchimanchal Campus Department of Civil
Pratik K.C. (PAS074BCE083) Lamachaur-16, Pokhara Engineering
Pravin Singh Thakuri (PAS074BCE086)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
3 OBJECTIVES
4 SCOPE OF PROJECT
5 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
6 WORKING METHODOLOGY
7 DESIGN
8 COST ESTIMATION
9 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
10 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

 Road lies in Pokhara metropolitan ward no.33 connecting

shiplingtara to chisapani.

 Earthen road with poor driving surface.

 Poor drainage system of storms and hindrance in transportation

during monsoon.

3
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

 Poor geometric designs of road like super elevation, camber

slope, gradient and so on.
 Products are not getting proper market.
 Narrow road causes difficulty in traffic crossings.
 Lags development.
 Travelling gets laborious during monsoon.

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CONDITION OF ROAD

5
OBJECTIVES

1. To conduct detailed survey of the road.

2. To prepare detailed design and cost estimation of the road.

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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

• Geometrical designs like longitudinal section and cross section.

• Design of drainage and curve of the road.
• Earthwork calculation
• Estimation and costing
• Detailed Project Report (DPR)

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 PROJECT LOCATION

 Located in Pokhara Metropolitan- 33, Bagmara. Gandaki, Nepal.

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HYDROLOGY AND METEOROLOGY

 Sub-tropical climate.

 Almost 80% rainfall during monsoon.

 Temperature varies from 7 degree Celsius to 37 degree Celsius.

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 SALIENT FEATURES OF ROAD

• Classification of Road by NRRS-2071: District Road(Hill)

• Length: 3094m
• Terrain: Hilly (Rolling) and Terai mixed.
• Climate: Moderate(Sub-tropical)
• Geology: Loose and Boulder mixed soil
• Hydrology: Precipitation controlled by monsoon.
• Meteorology: Precipitation controlled by monsoon.
• Soil Type: Sandy, Silty and Clayey

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CONTINUE…

 Right of Way: 20m (10m on each side)

 Formation Width:
Road width: 8.5m
Carriage Width: 7m
Shoulder width:0.75m on each side.
 Side drain shape and size: Rectangular (0.3*0.6)m
 Design speed: 25 Km/hr
 Minimum Gradient: 0.55%
 Maximum Gradient: 10.89%

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 WORKING METHODOLOGY

Consultation
Study area Site visit With
supervisor

Preparation Data collection,

Preparation of
of Analysis and
Detail project
Drawing Design
Report

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SOFTWARES USED

 Smart Road 2018

 AutoCAD

 MS-Excel

 MS-Word

 MS-PowerPoint.

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HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT OF ROAD

14
PROFILE OF THE ROAD

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DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT

Design is based on Nepal Rural Road Standards 2nd Revision, 2071.

 Horizontal curve should assist safe change in direction of

vehicles.

  Radius below absolute minimum should not be provided.

 Super-elevation is provided to balance centrifugal force along the

road.

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CONTINUE…

 The minimum radius of horizontal curve is calculated by ;

or,

Sample calculation:

V = Vehicle Design Speed = 25 km/hr.

R = Radius, m

e = super elevation = 0.1%

f = coefficient of lateral friction = 0.15

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CONTINUE…

 Rmin= 25²/{127(0.1+0.15)} =19.68 m

which is below minimum permissible value 20m. Thus 20 m is

adopted for the design.

The recommended minimum radius value is tabulated below:

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SIGHT DISTANCE

According to NRRS-2055, 2071 2nd edition,

Safe stopping sight distance(SSSD):

We have,

Design speed= 25kmph

Perception time=2.5 secs
Co-efficient of friction(f)=0.4 for 20 kmph
=0.35 for 100 kmph

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CONTINUE…

From above,

SSD= 23.52m<25 m for given speed.

Thus the design is ok.

 Intermediate Sight Distance

Intermediate sight distance is twice the safe stopping sight

distance.

 i.e.    ISD = 2 × 25=50 m

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 CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENTS
 CAMBER

 Camber provided in the road helps in draining surface water.

 Camber % used in different types of roads are given by NRRS-2071,

shown in table below.

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SUPERELEVATION:

 Super-elevation is provided in horizontal curve to compensate centrifugal

force.

 Value of Super-Elevation is given by

As per NRRS,
Max Super-elevation for Terai=7%
Max Super-elevation for Hill= 10%

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CONTINUE…
Sample Design calculation of Super elevation:

Let us consider,
Radius(R ) = 40 m,
Design speed = 25 kmph,
f = 0.15
traffic condition= mix
We know,
Superelevation (e)= ( 𝑉²/127R)-f
= (25²/127*40) – 0.15
= 0.0695
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CONTINUE…

Here e < 0.1 (max. Superelevation for Hill=10%)

Hence, provided Super-Elevation is 10% is ok

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EXTRA WIDENING

Extra widening is calculated by

Where,

n = number of lanes

W = Widening, m

L = length of wheel base of longest vehicle (m) = 6.1m

R = Radius of horizontal curve, m

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CONTINUE…

Sample design calculation:

For R = 20m,
n=2
V = 25 km/hr
We get,
W = 2.45m
We can provide Extra-widening of minimum 1.5m and above for given
design radius.

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VERTICAL ALIGNMENT DESIGN

• Vertical curves are provided at the intersection of two longitudinal grade lines for safe and
smooth flow of traffic.

• It may be either Valley or Summit curve.

• All vertical curves are parabolic in nature.

Algebraic difference between the gradients (N) = L 1-L2

Where, N = Total change in grade

r = rate of change of grade

L1 and L2 = Gradient of first line and second line.

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CONTINUE…

Since, the parabolic curve is considered, minimum radius of vertical

curve may be calculated as,

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 CONTINUE…

Gradient :

• Maximum gradient provided is 12% and minimum gradient is 0.5% (1% max).

Summit Curve:

 Summit curves are usually designed to provide adequate stopping sight distance.

The minimum radius of summit curve is (𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 ):

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 CONTINUE…

Valley Curve:

 Vertical curve is designed considering the night visibility condition.

Length of vertical curve considering night visibility condition is ,

Where,

Height of headlight of vehicle (h) =0.75 m

Angle of head light beam (α) =1°

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 CONTINUE…
Elements of vertical curve

The formulae used for the calculation of elements of vertical curves are:

1. Tangent length

2. Length of curve

3. Apex distance

4. The formula for setting the offset of the curve

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 DESIGN OF DRAINAGE

• The peak run off is calculated by rational formula;

Where,

Q=Runoff in m3/s

A=Area of the catchment (160 ha)

C=Impermeability factor (0.25)

I=Rainfall intensity ( 6.6 mm/hr)

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CONTINUE…

Thus,

The design discharge in the drain is 0.75 m3/s.

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CONTINUE…
 The discharge calculated before is used in Manning’s formula
given as,

where,
n=Manning’s roughness coefficient (0.014)
A=Area of flow
R=Hydraulic radius
P=Wetted perimeter
S=Slope of bed (7%)

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CONTINUE…
For the most economical section, we take
where,
B=Width of Section
D=Depth of flow
On solving, we get
0.75

Hence,
Depth of 0.3m is adopted.
Therefore,
width of drain= 2*0.3 = 0.6m

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DESIGN OF PAVEMENT

Pavement is designed using DOR method for which the formula for number of
standard axles for design period is,

where,

r=Traffic growth rate

=Traffic in the year of project completion

VDF=Vehicle Damage Factor

LDF=Lane Distribution Factor

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 CONTINUE…

Calculation:

Type of road = Two lane

Heavy truck two axle = 80 * 4 = 320

Mini truck = 60 * 3 = 180

Motorcycle = 200 * 0.5 = 100

Car and light van = 80 * 1 = 80

Bus = 80 * 3 = 240
Thus,
Initial traffic in the year of commencement of construction, P=500 37
 CONTINUE…

Traffic growth rate = 7%

Design life = 15 years

So,

LDF= 0.75 (for two lane road)

Now,

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CONTINUE…
Pavement Composition
Total Pavement
Cumulative traffic Bituminous Surfacing Granular Granular
Thickness
(msa) Base Sub-base
(mm)
Wearing course Binder Course (mm) (mm)
1 430 20 PC 225 205
2 490 20 PC 50 BM 225 215
3 530 20 PC 50 BM 250 230
5 580 25 SD BC 55 BM 250 250
10 660 40 BC 70 BM 250 300

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 CONTINUE…

From figure given above,

Total pavement thickness with CBR of 5% and 6.33msa = 600mm

Pavement composition :

I. Bituminous wearing course: BC 30 mm.

II. Bituminous Binder course: DBM 60 mm

III. Base course: Granular base 250 mm

IV. Sub-base: Granular sub-base 260 mm

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CONTINUE…

BC 30 mm

DBM 60 mm

Granular Base Course

250 mm

Granular Sub-base
260 mm

Sub Soil

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COST ESTIMATION

S.N. Description Amount (Rs.)

1. Earthwork cutting 448329.389

2. Earthwork Filling 87988.166

3. Pavement 51332079.8
4. Structural Works 11989382.8

Sub-Total 63857780.1
VAT @13% 8301511.42
Total including VAT 72159291.6

Cost per Km 23329871.2

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LIMITATIONS OF PROJECT

 Hydrological data is considered from nearest station at Pokhara

International Airport.
 Soil testing is not conducted for the project.
 Large cross drainage structures like bridges are not designed.
 Structural analysis is not done for retaining structure.
 Traffic survey was conducted for one day only.

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CONCLUSION

 Completed survey of 3094 m long road within 4 days.

 According to the district rate and norms, estimation and costing
for the road were done and found to be financially feasible with
cost per km to be Rs. 2,33,29,871.2
 At some cross sections, masonry walls are required for slope
stability.
 With use of this DPR, geometric designs of the road can be
improved for better accessibility, safe crossings and so on.

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THANK
YOU 45