PHYSICS CHAPTER 2

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Learning Outcome:
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2.4 Projectile motion (2 hours)

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
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 Describe and use equations for projectile,

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u x  u cos θ
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u y  u sin θ
ax  0
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ay  g
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 Calculate: time of flight, maximum height, range and
9 maximum range, instantaneous position and velocity.
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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
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2.4. Projectile motion
2  A projectile motion consists of two components:
 vertical component (y-comp.)
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 motion under constant acceleration, ay= g

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 horizontal component (x-comp.)

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 motion with constant velocity thus ax= 0
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 The path followed
y by a projectile is called trajectory is shown in
7 figure 2.9.
B
v
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v1y v1
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P 1
Q v
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v1x 2x
sy=H v2y 2
11 u v2
uy
Simulation 2.5
A  C
x2
Figure 2.9 ux t1 sx= R t2
PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
From figure 2.9,
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

2  The x-component of velocity along AC (horizontal) at any

point is constant,
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u x  u cos θ
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 The y-component (vertical) of velocity varies from one
point to another point along AC.
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but the y-component of the initial velocity is given by
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u y  u sin θ
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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
Table 2.2 shows the x and y-components, magnitude and
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

2 direction of velocities at points P and Q.

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Velocity Point P Point Q
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x-comp. v1 x  u x  u cos θ v2 x  u x  u cos θ
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y-comp. v1 y  u y  gt1 v2 y  u y  gt 2
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magnitude v1  v1x 2
 
 v1 y
2
v2  v2 x  2
 
 v2 y
2

v
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1  1 y v2 y 
1 
9 direction θ1  tan   θ2  tan  
10  v1 x   v2 x 
11 Table 2.2

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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
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2.4.1 Maximum height, H
2  The ball reaches the highest point at point B at velocity, v
where
 x-component of the velocity, v  v  u  u cos θ
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x x
 y-component of the velocity, v  0
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y
 y-component of the displacement, s  H
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y
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 Use v y2  u y2  2 gs y
0  u sin    2 gH
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2
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2 2
u sin 
H
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2g
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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
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2.4.2 Time taken to reach maximum height, t’
2  At maximum height, H

3  Time, t = t’ and vy= 0

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 Use v y  u y  gt
u sin 
0  u sin    gt ' t ' 
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2.4.3 Flight time, t (from point A to point C)
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t  2t '
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2u sin θ
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t 
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g

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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
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2.4.4 Horizontal range, R and value of R maximum
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 Since the x-component for velocity along AC is constant hence
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u x  v x  u cos 
 From the displacement formula with uniform velocity, thus the
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x-component of displacement along AC is
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R  u cos  t 
 2u sin  
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8 R  u cos   
2  g 
u
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10 R  2 sin  cos  
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g

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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
From the trigonometry identity,
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

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sin 2  2 sin  cos 
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thus
2
u
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R  sin 2
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 The value of R maximum when  = 45 and sin 2 = 1
therefore
2
u
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9 Rmax 
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g
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Simulation 2.6

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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
2.4.5 Horizontal projectile
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 Figure 2.10 shows a ball bearing rolling off the end of a table
with an initial velocity, u in the horizontal direction.
u
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u
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vx
vy v
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h
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Figure 2.10 A B
x
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 Horizontal component along path AB.
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displacement, s x  x
 Vertical component along path AB.
initial velocity, u y  0 Simulation 2.7
displacement, s y   h 9
PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
Time taken for the ball to reach the floor (point B), t
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2  By using the equation of freely falling bodies,

1 2
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s y  u y t  gt
2
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1 2
 h  0  gt
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2
2h
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g

Horizontal displacement, x
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10  Use condition below : Figure 2.11

The time taken for the The time taken for the
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ball free fall to point A

= ball to reach point B
(Refer to figure 2.11)
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PHYSICS CHAPTER 2
Since the x-component of velocity along AB is constant, thus
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

2 the horizontal displacement, x

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sx  u xt and sx  x
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5  2h 
x  u  

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 g 
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 Note :
9  In solving any calculation problem about projectile motion,
the air resistance is negligible.
negligible
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