Boundary Conditions

normal to the
interface 𝜀1
𝜇0
1. Field properties on other side can be calculated if
of one side is known

2. Refraction properties of wave can be determined

interface

𝜀2
Click to add text 𝜇0
1. Dielectric- Dielectric interface

2. Conductor- Dielectric interface

3. Conductor – free space interface

Dielectric- Dielectric Interface E 1 = E1 t + E1 n

E2 = E 2t + E2 n

𝜀1
Closed loop
∫ E . dl=0
+

𝐸1 𝑡 =𝐸 2𝑡

At the boundary tangential components of electric field

are equal or electric field is continuous across the
𝜀2 boundary
𝐷1 𝑡 =ℇ 1 𝐸1 𝑡
D/ E
𝐷2 𝑡 =ℇ 2 𝐸2 𝑡

At the boundary tangential components of electric flux

density are not equal or flux density is dis-continuous
across the boundary
Dielectric- Dielectric Interface 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒=∆ 𝑠

Gauss’s Law

If height of the box is negligible small

top bot

𝐷1 𝑛 ∆ 𝑠 − 𝐷 2𝑛 ∆ 𝑠=𝜌 𝑠 ∆ 𝑠

For charge free region

For charge free region normal components of flux density are equal or flux
density is continuous across boundary

For charge free region normal components of field intentsity is not equal or
field intensity is dis-continuous across boundary
 (1)

(2)

Eq .1
Eq .2
 Conductor- dielectric interface

E1t= E2t
Dielectric
Et =0

𝐷1 𝑛 ∆ 𝑠 − 𝐷 2𝑛 ∆ 𝑠=𝜌 𝑠 ∆ 𝑠

As   D 2 n =0

D n=
Conductor E=0

Conductor- free space interface

𝜀 0 𝜀𝑟 =𝜀
𝜀𝑟 =1
 𝜀1

𝜀2
Poisson’s equation
• E/D from Coulombs law
• E/D Gauss’s law
• Using potential difference by
• Practically charge and potential at some boundaries are mentioned
through which E or D in the entire region has to be determined.
• Poisson’s / Lapace’s equations
• Boundary value problems
• From Gauss’s law

• And as

• Poisson’s equation
• If it’s a charge free region
• Based on use Laplace’s/ Poisson’s equation
• Solve for v
• Apply boundary conditions to obtain v
•V E D Q C=
Resistance & Capacitance

•=

• C=
Parallel Plate Capacitor
d<< S

Fringing=0
Coaxial Capacitor
Q and –Q with b>a

Assuming Gaussian cylindrical surface

𝜌
Spherical Capacitor

Assuming spherical Gaussian surface

r
TT1 Question paper pattern
• 4 questions with internal choice (a/b) 5x4=20
• 1 question without options 5
• Total Marks 25