SCOPE

This project covered a wide study scope in regard to the current DCN designs and the potential use of
wireless links in Data centers. The scope can be divided into the following:
 Review of existing transmission links in Data centers
 Analysis of power consumption in Data centers
 Determining parameters for a link design
 Review challenges faced in used of wired link design in Data centers
 Data center design impacts on the transmission links
 SCOPE

 Potential use of wireless links in Data centers

 Comparison of link parameters for wired versus wireless communications
 Potential impact of wireless links in data centers
 Review the essential parameters of fiber space optics (FSO) links
 Conceptualize different channel models for FSO
 Analyze causes of scintillation effects in the optical link
 SCOPE

 Calculation of Bit Error Rate (BER) based on clear channel and provided channel model conditions in FSO link
 Implementing a code design structure in MATLAB
METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH

We used qualitative research approach where we collected data, made observations based on mathematical
calculations and determined the relationship between certain correlational parameters(BER and SNR).
We used interview and schedule as study tools to collect the data from the case study.
We used Excel for the analysis due its’ easy and effective comparisons and powerful analysis of large amounts of
data.
For the simulation, we used MATLAB and VSCode, with VSCode used to write the simulation code and MATLAB
for testing the simulation.
METHODOLOGY: SIMULATION
 METHODOLOGY: SIMULATION
Transmitter side
 Section One: Generate random bits at the transmitter side.
 Section two: Convert binary bits into electrical signal.
 Section Three: Convert electrical signal into optical signal.
 Section Four: Apply channel effect to the optical signal.

Receiver side
 Section Five: Convert optical signal to electrical signal.
 Section six: Add noise effects to electrical signal.
 Section seven: Convert the received electrical signal into bits.
 Section eight: Perform required analysis while comparing the signal output form section seven to the output of section one.

Generating the channel effect coefficient

 Section nine: Generate random numbers based on a given channel model.
 Section ten: Convert the random numbers into fading channel coefficient.
LIMITATIONS

 We weren’t able to have access to the AIRTEL Data centers facility as the company feared that operations in the
data center are critical and access is only allowed to certain personnel who were not present by then.
 We weren’t able to simulate link design based on 60GHz technology as this design is still majorly implemented in
terms of Wi-Fi and research by other institutions are majorly theoretical.
 Failure personnel
 Failure to get data physically
 Failure to 60GHz
 Airtime issues
 transportaion
RECOMMENDATIONS

 Recommend to people using the system: AIRTEL-TRAIN-ACCESSIBLE-MARKET

 ----From our results and findings we recommend that do abcd to house our projects
 CAN ALSO RECOMMEND TO UNIVERSITIES TO POUT MORE SUPRVISION IN THE PROJECTS AND
SUPPORT PROJECTS LUIIKE THIS ONE OF OURS
CONCLUSION

 CONCLUDE DIFFERENTLY –YOU CAN SAY IT WILL WORK OR NOT WORK FOR DATRA CENTER---
LASER IS PROBLEM:
 FINDINGS AND RESULTS
Results from interview research
 Transmission medium: Data center Networks consist of fiber, coaxial and UTP cabling. Single mode fibers used to connect to the
internet, while multimode fibers used for MM connections. Coax used for very short connections like switch to switch on the same rack
while CAT-6A can also be used for short and medium links.
 Bandwidth: Connections carrying vast quantity of data over a single mode fiber connecting to the internet vary in bandwidth at 10-
100Gb/s. 10 gigabit ethernet and fiber channel are commonly used inside the data center.
 Power consumption: Of the three wired link categories fiber is most preferred because of low power consumption especially if the links
are long providing energy saving of 70% over cable links. 10G-BASE-CX coaxial can be used for very short links effectively compared
to UTP in terms of energy saving. CAT-6A consumes lots of power to transmit 10Gb/s on longer links and generates more heat.
 BER in the wired links is affected by many factors including noise, distortion, attenuation etc. Depending on the telecom protocol, BER
requirements may vary from . SNR for wired links has an acceptable value between 29 to 30 dBm for cables under 100ft. However we
came to understand that with wired connections, SNR is a very less important measure compared to the case when it is wireless
connections.
 The most widely used modulation type for wired links is linear coding, focusing basically on fiber links which use a type of linear
coding called unipolar Signaling using a variant of it called non-return-to zero modulation where a positive pulse represents 1 and no
pulse represents 0.
FINDINGS AND RESULTS: FSO SYSTEM DESIGN
PARAMETER Description

Power System is designed based on varying of optical power with average optical power as and extinction ratio of 20. Hence fading here is
assumed to affect power.

Bit operations Synchronisation is not needed.

Number of bits for each burst transmission:
Data rate:
Number of samples per bit: 5

Baseband modulation Laser wavelength is

Bandwidth of baseband signal: Data rate*1.25

Laser Laser internal modulation efficiency: 0.5

Calibration constant: 0.5

Background light Background light power:

Lossy channel Miscellaneous loss: 0(dB)

Link-Length: 500m

Turbulence channel Refractive index structure coefficient:

Turbulence maximum frequency: 500
Turbulence mode: Log-Normal or Gamma-Gamma

Pointing error channel Horizontal jitter: 0.5m

Horizontal/ vertical displacement: 0
Pointing error maximum frequency: 500Hz
FINDINGS AND RESULTS: FSO SYSTEM DESIGN

PARAMETER Description

Transmitter optics Transmitter beam parameter type: Given divergence angle

Laser propagation model: Gaussian propagation model
Full vertical horizontal/vertical divergence angle: 10(Deg)
Vertical/Horizontal beam size: m
Orientation of source around the z axis in degrees is 0

Receiver optics Receiver aperture diameter: 0.005m

Orientation of source around the z axis in degrees is 0
Receiver aperture transmittance:: 85%

Photodetector Responsivity : 0.5

Transimpedance amplifier gain: 100 (V/A)
Receiver load impedance: 50Ω
Noise Equivalent Power(NEP): W
Bandwidth to bit rate ratio: 1.25
FINDINGS AND RESULTS: SIMULATION
The simulations were done with the general variance s being the channel coefficient dividing the simulation into the
following:
Channel with log normal turbulence and pointing error:
FINDINGS AND RESULTS: SIMULATION

 Channel with Gamma-Gamma turbulence an pointing errors

FINDINGS AND RESULTS: SIMULATION

 Channel with only log-normal turbulence

FINDINGS AND RESULTS: SIMULATION

 Channel with only Gamma-Gamma turbulence

FINDINGS AND RESULTS: CLASSIFICATION
 Channel with only pointing errors
FINDINGS AND RESULTS: CLASSIFICATION

 BER VS SNR FOR WIRED LINK BEFORE SIMULATION

 HOW CAN WE SHOW THAT BER FOR WIRED IS BETTER THAN BER VS SNR FOR WIRELESS LINK
RESULTS AND FINDINGS: COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS