Lawful Consideration and Object

Week 2
Business Law
 CONSIDERATION:
 According to Section 2(d) of Contract Act
1872;
 “When at the desire of the promisor, the
promisee or any other person who has
done or abstained from doing, or does or
abstains from doing, or promises to do or
to abstain from doing something, such act
or abstinence or promise is called a
consideration for the promise.”
Essentials of Consideration:
 It is given ‘at the desire of the promisor’;
 It may move from any person;
 It can be past, present or future consideration;
 It must possess value.
 It must be real and not be illusory;
 It must be something other than the Promisor’s
existing obligation;
 It must be lawful.
Exception to Consideration:
Natural love and affection [Section
25(1)]
Promise to compensate past
voluntary services [Section 25(2)]
Time barred debt [Section 25(3)]
Gifts
Contract of agency [Section 185]
Charitable subscription
Contract of guarantee [Section 127]
 Legality of object and
consideration [Section 23]
It is forbidden by law
It is of such a nature that if permitted
would defeat the provisions of any
law
It is fraudulent
It involves an in injury to the person
or property of another
The court regards it as immoral, or
opposed to public policy
 Where object or consideration
is partly unlawful [Section 24,
57 and 58]:
Non–separable promises
Separable promises
Alternative promise being illegal
 Agreements opposed to
public policy:
Trading with enemy
Stifling prosecution
Sale of public offices
Restraint of parental rights
Restraint of personal liberty
Agreement to create monopoly
Marriage brokerage agreement
Thank you.