FFS: Flood Forecasting System based on

Integrated Big and Crowd source Data

by using Deep Learning Techniques
 ABSTARCT
• Flood is one of the maximum disruptive natural hazards, answerable
for lack of lives and harm to properties.
• A range of towns are problem to monsoons impacts and for this
reason face the catastrophe almost every year.
• Early notification of flood incident should advantage the government
and public to plan each brief and long phrases preventive measures, to
put together evacuation and rescue mission, and to alleviate the flood
victims.
 INTRODUCTION
• Natural flood is one amongst the foremost continual disasters .
• Its not like stagnant water discharge, sometimes intimate in poorly
planned cities, major flood incidents forever cause appreciable
damages to properties and, a lot of usually than not, loss of lives.
• They are many Asian countries, significantly Thailand, are subject to
each southwest and northeast monsoons and consequently facing
seasonal deluge nearly once a year and in most components of the
countries .
 EXISTING SYSTEM:
• Existing frameworks were implemented as application software on
different platforms.
• it was limited to only an Android operating system. Another more in-
depth analysis of flood situations was developed on a web platform
• The resultant forecast was presented as point-wise flood levels,
rendered on a two-dimensional map
 LITERATURE SURVEY
1.TOPIC:“Characteristics of the 2011 Chao Phraya River flood in central Thailand,”
AUTHOR: D. Komori, S. Nakamura, M. Kiguchi, A. Nishijima, D. Yamazaki, S. Suzuki and
T. Oki,
A massive flood, the maximum ever recorded in Thailand, struck the Chao Phraya River in
2011. The total rainfall during the 2011 rainy season was 1,439 mm, which was 143% of the
average rainy season rainfall during the period 1982–2002. Although the gigantic Bhumipol and
Sirikit dams stored approximately 10 billion m³ by early October, the total flood volume was
estimated to be 15 billion m³. This flood caused tremendous damage, including 813 dead
nationwide, seven industrial estates, and 804 companies with inundation damage, and total
losses estimated at 1.36 trillion baht (approximately 3.5 trillion yen). The Chao Phraya River
watershed has experienced many floods in the past, and floods on the same scale as the 2011
flood are expected to occur in the future. Therefore, to prepare of the next flood disaster, it is
essential to understand the characteristics of the 2011 Chao Phraya River Flood. This paper
proposes countermeasures for preventing major flood damage in the future.
2.TOPIC:“The 2011 Great Flood in Thailand: Climate Diagnostics and Implications from Climate
Change”
AUTHOR: P., Promchote, S. Y. Simon Wang and P. G. Johnson
Severe flooding occurred in Thailand during the 2011 summer season, which resulted in more than
800 deaths and affected 13.6 million people. The unprecedented nature of this flood in the Chao
Phraya River basin (CPRB) was examined and compared with historical flood years. Climate
diagnostics were conducted to understand the meteorological conditions and climate forcing that led
to the magnitude and duration of this flood. Neither the monsoon rainfall nor the tropical cyclone
frequency anomalies alone was sufficient to cause the 2011 flooding event. Instead, a series of
abnormal conditions collectively contributed to the intensity of the 2011 flood: anomalously high
rainfall in the premonsoon season, especially during March; record-high soil moisture content
throughout the year; elevated sea level height in the Gulf of Thailand, which constrained drainage;
and other water management factors. In the context of climate change, the substantially increased
premonsoon rainfall in CPRB after 1980 and the continual sea level rise in the river outlet have both
played a role. The rainfall increase is associated with a strengthening of the premonsoon
northeasterly winds that come from East Asia. Attribution analysis using phase 5 of the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project historical experiments pointed to anthropogenic greenhouse gases as
the main external climate forcing leading to the rainfall increase. Together, these findings suggest
increasing odds for potential flooding of similar intensity to that of the 2011 flood
3.Topic:“Adaptive hydrological flow field modeling based on water body extraction and surface
information”
Author: S. Puttinaovarat, P. Horkaew, K. Khaimook and W. Polnigongit
Hydrological flow characteristic is one of the prime indicators for assessing flood. It plays a major
part in determining drainage capability of the affected basin and also in the subsequent simulation
and rainfall-runoff prediction. Thus far, flow directions were typically derived from terrain data
which for flat landscapes are obscured by other man-made structures, hence undermining the
practical potential. In the absence (or diminutive) of terrain slopes, water passages have a more
pronounced effect on flow directions than elevations. This paper, therefore, presents detailed
analyses and implementation of hydrological flow modeling from satellite and topographic images.
Herein, gradual assignment based on support vector machine was applied to modified normalized
difference water index and a digital surface model, in order to ensure reliable water labeling while
suppressing modality-inherited artifacts and noise. Gradient vector flow was subsequently employed
to reconstruct the flow field. Experiments comparing the proposed scheme with conventional water
boundary delineation and flow reconstruction were presented. Respective assessments revealed its
advantage over the generic stream burning. Specifically, it could extract water body from studied
areas with 98.70% precision, 99.83% recall, 98.76% accuracy, and 99.26% F-measure. The
correlations between resultant flows and those obtained from the stream burning were as high as
0.80±0.04 (p≤0.01 in all resolutions)
4.TOPIC:“A Brief review of flood forecasting techniques and their applications”
AUTHOR: S. Puttinaovarat, P. Horkaew, K. Khaimook and W. Polnigongit
Flood forecasting (FF) is one the most challenging and difficult problems in
hydrology. However, it is also one of the most important problems in hydrology
due to its critical contribution in reducing economic and life losses. In many
regions of the world, flood forecasting is one among the few feasible options to
manage floods. Reliability of forecasts has increased in the recent years due to
the integration of meteorological and hydrological modelling capabilities,
improvements in data collection through satellite observations, and
advancements in knowledge and algorithms for analysis and communication of
uncertainties. The present paper reviews different aspects of flood forecasting,
including the models being used, emerging techniques of collecting inputs and
displaying results, uncertainties, and warnings. In the end, future directions for
research and development are identified
5.TOPIC:“Near-Real-Time Flood Forecasting Based on Satellite Precipitation Products”
AUTHOR:N. Belabid, F. Zhao, L. Brocca, Y. Huang and Y. Tan,
Floods, storms and hurricanes are devastating for human life and agricultural cropland. Near-real-time
(NRT) discharge estimation is crucial to avoid the damages from flood disasters. The key input for the
discharge estimation is precipitation. Directly using the ground stations to measure precipitation is not
efficient, especially during a severe rainstorm, because precipitation varies even in the same region. This
uncertainty might result in much less robust flood discharge estimation and forecasting models. The use
of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) provides a larger area of coverage of rainstorms and a higher
frequency of precipitation data compared to using the ground stations. In this paper, based on SPPs, a
new NRT flood forecasting approach is proposed to reduce the time of the emergency response to flood
disasters to minimize disaster damage. The proposed method allows us to forecast floods using a
discharge hydrograph and to use the results to map flood extent by introducing SPPs into the rainfall–
runoff model. In this study, we first evaluated the capacity of SPPs to estimate flood discharge and their
accuracy in flood extent mapping. Two high temporal resolution SPPs were compared, integrated multi-
satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (IMERG) and tropical rainfall measurement
mission multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA).
PROPOSED SYSTEM
• The system provided flood forecasting on daily basis. Its lead
time was hence 24 hours.
• The predicted results were subsequently validated against
those retrieved from trusted agencies, onsite expeditions, and
crowdsourced reports via the web application
• A) meteorological and hydrological data,
• B) geospatial data,
• C) application programming interface,
• D) crowd source data,
• E) machine learning techniques for flood forecasting
ARCHITECTURE
 CONCLUSION
• This paper proposed a unique allotted flood forecasting device,
primarily based totally on integrating meteorological, hydrological,
geospatial, and crowdsource facts. Big facts made to be had via way of
distinguished groups had been received by using diverse move
platform APIs. Forecasting became done primarily based totally on
those facts found out via way of present day ML strategies. They had
been choice tree, RF, Naïve Bayes, MLP and RBF ANN, SVM, and
fuzzy logics. Evaluation consequences on studied regions indicated
that the device may want to forecasted flood occasions notably
accurately.
 REFERENCE
[1] D. Komori, S. Nakamura, M. Kiguchi, A. Nishijima, D. Yamazaki, S. Suzuki and T. Oki,
“Characteristics of the 2011 Chao Phraya River flood in central Thailand,” Hydrological Research
Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 41-46, 2012.
[2] P., Promchote, S. Y. Simon Wang and P. G. Johnson, “The 2011 great flood in Thailand: Climate
diagnostics and Implications from climate change,” Journal of Climate, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 367-379,
Jan. 2016.
[3] S. Puttinaovarat, P. Horkaew, K. Khaimook and W. Polnigongit, “Adaptive hydrological flow
field modeling based on water body extraction and surface information,” Journal of Applied Remote
Sensing, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 095041, Jan. 2015.
[4] S. K. Jain, P. Mani, S. K. Jain, P. Prakash, V. P. Singh, D. Tullos and A. P. Dimri, “A Brief
review of flood forecasting techniques and their applications,” International journal of river basin
management, Vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 329-344, Jan. 2018
[5] N. Belabid, F. Zhao, L. Brocca, Y. Huang and Y. Tan, “Near-real time flood forecasting based on
satellite precipitation products,” Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 252, Jan. 2019.