Impact of Environmental Factors

Ecology of Developed and

Developing Nations
EDM 217 – Ecology of Educational
Administration

EMILIO FER G. VILLA

Reporter

MA. VENUS B. LOZADA, EdD

Course Facilitator
Ecology of
Educational
Administration Ecology is the branch of biology concerned
with the relations of organisms to one another and
to their physical sorroundings.
Ecology of Ecology of Education is one of the trends of
Educational human ecology; the interdisciplinary integrating
natural, social sciences and the humanities which
Administration studies the interaction between a human being as
individual and/or social system and the
multidimensional environment from the holistic
perspective, viewing education as the facilitator
of the sphere, process, result, development of
human activity in the aspect of human and
environmental quality/traits.
Ecology of
Educational
Educational Administration is the process of
Administration formulating educational policies and programmes
by utilizing both human and material resources,
in order to achieve educational goals of effective
and efficient teaching and learning engaging in
the activities of POSDCORB.
Ecology of
Educational
Ecology of Educational Administration
Administration involves considering certain aspects in the school
system that are managerial, pedagogical,
organizational and technological which enhances
the educational organization in its internal and
external ecology.
Ecology of
Educational Oshemughen (2016) looks at Educational
Administration Administrators as those individuals or groups that
initiates the process of implementing educational
policies and programmes by utilizing both human
and material resources in order to achieve the set
Who are Educational
educational goals of effective teaching and
Administrator? learning by engaging in the POSDCORB.
Ecology of From the holistic perspective, education
administration needs multiple perspectives to be
Educational considered in the context of providing constant
Administration higher school improvement.

Education managers must take every

advantage of traditional management tools and
approaches to both education and management.
Ecology of Thus, educational managers take into account
both external and internal tactical determinants
Educational that might affect their operation and influence the
choice of action and methods used for achieving
Administration their educational goals.

In order to collect and analyze necessary data

managers employ environmental scanning:
environmental factors are categorized as strength
and weaknesses; the relation to the external
factors are categorized as opportunities and
threats.
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
  One problem that is so deeply rooted in the
administrative system is Nepotism.
Impact of
Environmental
Nepotism - the practice among those with
Factors power or influence of favoring relatives or
1. Social Factor friends, especially by giving them jobs.

 In this situation, the loyalty to family,

friends, local state and ethnic group take
precedence over loyalty to nation.

 This makes supervision and control difficult

to implement.
Impact of “The Public Sector is also viewed as a faceless
entity or as national cake which should be sliced
Environmental and eaten by those who are fortunate to get close
Factors to it. The bigger your slice, the smarter you are
viewed by the society. The same society regards
1. Social Factor those who have been to the corridors of power
but have nothing to show for it as very foolish.
The result is looting of the public treasury by
public officers, politicians, the military et
cetera.”
- Ecology of Public Administration in Nigeria
Impact of
Environmental
“This have impoverished the country and
Factors made the Transparency International to rate
Nigeria as one of the most corrupt nations in
1. Social Factor the world despite the acclaimed fight against
corruption in Nigeria.”
- Ecology of Public Administration in Nigeria
 Nigeria

Corruption Perception Index Global Corruption Barometer

Percentage of people who

2021 Rank 43% thought corruption increased in

the previous 12 months*

154/180
44%
Percentage of public service
users paid a bribe in the
previous 12 months*

https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/nigeria
 Philippines

Corruption Perception Index Global Corruption Barometer

Percentage of people who

2021 Rank 86% thought corruption increased in

the previous 12 months*

117/180
19%
Percentage of public service
users paid a bribe in the
previous 12 months*

https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/philippines
 Nigeria Philippines
Corruption Perception Index Corruption Perception Index

2021 Rank 2021 Rank

154/180 117/180
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
  There is lack of cooperation and team spirit
in the public sector. Undue animosity,
Impact of jealousy and bickering are strife in the
system.
Environmental
 The superiors in most cases are very
Factors reluctant to delegate responsibilities and
authority to their subordinates. The
1. Social Factor
subordinates, on the other hand, are often
2. Human Relation
reluctant to accept responsibilities from
Factor
their superiors.

 The decision-making is usually

concentrated at the topmost levels with the
resultant inefficient use of the talents of
both the superiors and the subordinates.
 Administrator’s indifference and arbitrariness in
Barriers to dealing with teachers.

Human Ineffective supervision and malpractice of

Relations discrimination and favoritism.

Abusive and defiant attitudes toward school

administrators by some teachers.

Inadequate wages or salaries, unfair company

personnel policy, poor working conditions and lack of
job security and stability of employment.

Lack of opportunity for advancement and self-

improvement, recognition of worker.
 Ginagawa nga naman ng lahat. Bakit
Some Negative ako magpapahuli. Ano ako tanga?
Attitudes that Affect the
Filipino Behavior The “If-you-can’t-beat-them” attitude

“Ipabubugbog kita kung itutuloy mo

ang iyong tamang hakbang.”

Bantay salakay attitude

Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
  There are over 120 languages spoken in
the Philippines. Filipino, the standardized
Impact of form of Tagalog, is the national language
and used in formal education throughout
Environmental the country. Filipino and English are both
official languages and English is commonly
Factors used by the government
1. Social Factor
2. Human Relation Factor  The Policy on Bilingual Education aims at
3. Language the achievement of competence in both
Filipino and English at the national level,
through the teaching of both languages
and their use as media of instruction at all
levels. The regional languages shall be
used as auxiliary languages in Grades I
and II. -The 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education
  The Bilingual Education Program of the
Philippines (BEP), where English is the
Impact of medium of instruction in Science and
Environmental Mathematics and Pilipino or Filipino, the
national language, in all other subjects, has
Factors been recognized as one of the earliest
comprehensive bilingual education
1. Social Factor experiments in the world.
2. Human Relation Factor
3. Language
 Since 2009, the BEP has been supplanted
by a new order from the Department of
Education (DepEd) supporting the
implementation of Mother Tongue-Based
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) at all
levels of education.
  This order is based on the assumption that
Impact of mother tongues are the most effective
media for facilitating learning throughout
Environmental primary education.
Factors
1. Social Factor  This institutionalization of MTB-MLE
2. Human Relation Factor challenges the politically entrenched
3. Language assumption of BEP: that only two
languages in Philippine education –
English and Filipino, the national language
– can facilitate learning among Filipinos
and articulate their identity as a nation
(Smolicz & Nical 1997).
Impact of  It is true, that the Philippine mother
tongues are structurally similar to one
Environmental another so learning Filipino as a second or
third language is not as challenging as
Factors learning English for most Filipinos.
1. Social Factor
2. Human Relation Factor
3. Language  However, the learning of Filipino both as a
subject in school and as a medium of
instruction in bilingual education begins at
the start of formal schooling for Filipino
children.
  This means that they have not yet
Impact of mastered their mother tongues which they
also need to learn the new conceptual
Environmental knowledge needed to succeed in school.
Factors
1. Social Factor  In bilingual education, therefore, there is a
2. Human Relation Factor double disadvantage among pupils whose
3. Language mother tongue is not Tagalog/Filipino in
bilingual education: they need to master
English and Filipino to perform well
academically, while their Tagalog-speaking
counterparts only need to learn English to
master the conceptual knowledge available
in school (Smolicz & Nical 1997).
  Indeed, marginalization can be seen in the
Impact of disparity in the academic achievements
Environmental between pupils who speak Tagalog as their
mother tongue and those who speak other
Factors home languages (Gonzalez 1990;
Gonzalez & Sibayan 1988).
1. Social Factor
2. Human Relation Factor
3. Language  According to Dekker and Young (2005,
p. 196), the ‘high attrition rate, especially in
non-Tagalog speaking parts of the
Philippines attests to the failure to meet the
educational needs of a significant
percentage of the population.’
  Based on surveys of local Philippine
communities, a report by Asia-South
Impact of Pacific Education Watch (2007, p. 16)
gives a straightforward picture of the
Environmental language problem among marginalized
Factors people in particular:
The use of the national language as the
1. Social Factor medium of instruction makes learning more
2. Human Relation Factor difficult for indigenous children. Teachers
3. Language usually do not speak the local language
and are unable to explain lessons to most
students who are used to thinking through
concepts in their own language. The
language barrier thus prevents students
from communicating and performing
confidently in schools.
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
 The Studies and fact-finding commissions have shown
that the deteriorating quality of education is due to the
Educational
low government budget for education
System
poor quality of teachers

poor management of schools

Deteriorating quality poor school facilities such as laboratory and library
of Education facilities
There are poor learning environment
multiple factors
the content of the curriculum
which have led
to low
educational
standards.
“In our strokes in shaping the
curriculum, we not only
integrate concept of Disaster
Risk Reduction Management,
gender and cultural sensitivity,
but also inclusively and global
citizenship. These are all
important in sensitizing our
curriculum to ensure that our
learners develop holistically and
embody being lifelong learners,”
he added.
 The Studies and fact-finding commissions have shown
that the deteriorating quality of education is due to the
Educational
low government budget for education
System
poor quality of teachers

poor management of schools

Deteriorating quality poor school facilities such as laboratory and library
of Education facilities
There are poor learning environment
multiple factors
the content of the curriculum
which have led
to low inadequate books and science equipment
educational
the poor method of instruction
standards.
shortages of classrooms; and others.
 Shortage of school buildings, textbooks and
equipment

Impact of  Since 1960, elementary enrolment has

been expanding at the rapid rate of 4% a
Environmental year owing to increase in the number of
children and in the enrolment ratio.
Factors The shortages of classrooms and textbooks
1. Social Factor are particularly severe. The nationwide
2. Human Relation Factor classroom shortage is estimated to be 40,000
3. Language and the DECS (now DepEd) operates two
4. The Educatinal System shifts in many schools. The textbook problem
is even more serious. A survey done in
preparation for a World Bank education loan
found that the pupil-textbook ration in the
public elementary schools is 10:1 and 79% of
the textbooks are more than 5 years old. This
situation has persisted for many years.
 Shortage of school buildings, textbooks and
equipment

Impact of
Environmental
 Other teaching tools, such as science
Factors materials, teaching devices and audio-
visual aids, are also in short supply.
1. Social Factor
Perennial graft and corruption in the
2. Human Relation Factor
acquisition of books and in the
3. Language
construction of school buildings has often
4. The Educatinal System
been reported. This situation handicaps
the teaching staff in their work.
 Overworked and underpaid teaching staff

Impact of  Teaching has often been referred to as the

“most notable of all professions.” To many
Environmental teachers, however, the noble image of their
Factors profession has been transformed into an
illusion. Over the last three decades, we
1. Social Factor have come to think of the Filipino teachers
2. Human Relation Factor as overworked and underpaid
3. Language professionals.
4. The Educatinal System  The fact that teachers are paid subsistence
wages is only half of their sad story. Their
daily bout with dilapidated classrooms,
overcrowded classes, and lack of teaching
materials, among others, make the teachers
hardly rewarded work even more difficult.
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
  For Filipinos, being late and starting things
Impact of late have always been part of our culture.
Environmental Many Filipinos seems to either practice it
or accept it, so much that we’ve been
Factors given a term for it — Filipino Time.

1. Social Factor  However, what many Filipinos don’t realize

2. Human Relation Factor is how crippling on our total productivity
3. Language Filipino Time can be, and how it says a lot
4. The Educational System about the character of Filipinos. 
5. Time and Number
 There is lack of result-oriented attitude to
their duties.
  Our government is very good in shunning
Impact of out good policies or projects but find it
difficult to define how or when these
Environmental projects will be completed.
Factors
 They are always not serious in tagging
1. Social Factor time to each project and follow it up
2. Human Relation Factor with strict compliance.
3. Language
4. The Educational System  To be result-oriented, according to
5. Time and Number Maduabum (ibid), the organs of
government should also be time-oriented
and number-oriented.
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
Impact of Environmental Factors

1 Social Factor 3 Language

5 Time and Number

2 Human Relation Factor

4 The Educational
System 6 Climatic Condition
  Philippines is situated in the tropics with
hot and harsh climate which is not
Impact of conducive for high productivity in the work
place.
Environmental
 This is a natural phenomenon which can
Factors be resolved by making sure that the offices
are highly ventilated or furnished with good
1. Social Factor
air conditioners.
2. Human Relation Factor
3. Language
4. The Educational System  As posited by Maduabum (ibid), to cope
5. Time and Number with it by establishing a positive
6. Climatic Condition relationship between climatic and working
conditions, especially in terms of hours of
work, rest periods, and recreational
facilities.
 Ecology of Developed
and Developing Nations
  Administration of development means the
process of administering or guiding the
Ecology of process of development in a country.
Development as a concept has
Developed and experienced methodological and
Developing conceptual shift over the years.

Nations  Ecology of developed and developing

countries is very unique in the sense that
while the developed nations practice those
administrative systems that suit its
socio-cultural environment, the developing
nation in turn is very comfortable with
imitating these foreign models or systems
without taking into consideration its socio-
cultural environment.
  Administration does not function in
isolation from its environment. It influences
Ecology of it and is influenced by it.

Developed and  The understanding of the dynamics of the

process of interaction between the two is
Developing necessary for the understanding of
Nations administration. The approach adopted is
known as the ecological approach.

 Ecology is a term borrowed from Biology. It

is concerned with the science dealing with
the inter-relationship of organism and their
environment.
  It is a study of the interplay of living
organism and their physical and social
Ecology of environment.

Developed and  It is concerned with the question of how a

balance involving organisms and
Developing environment is achieved of survival.
Nations  In biology, it is established that a particular
plant requires for its growth a particular
climate, soil, humidity, temperature, etc.
 A plant that can grow well in a particular
climate cannot do so under a different
climate.
  Likewise the growth or development of
each society is conditioned by its own
history, economic structure, values,
Ecology of political system, etc.
Developed and  The characteristic of its social system and
its physical environment shape the ideas
Developing and constitution.
Nations  Just a plant cannot grow in a different
environment, so also an institution cannot
thrive in different social setting.
 Thus, to understand the ecology of
Educational Administration (i.e. the
interaction of administration and its
environment, it is necessary to have
understanding of the society and the
various factors affecting its functioning.
 Fred W. Riggs
 Pioneers in developing administrative models and theory

 Most represented administrative thinker in modern society.

 He analyzed the relationship between administrative system

and ecological factors- history, social structures, traditions,
customs, economic situation, political symbols, technology
and communication, etc, in a larger perspectives.

 On the basis of his studies in Thailand and Philippines, he illustratively explained

how environmental influence administrative system.
 Ecology of  Riggs et al (1964) investigated the impact of
ecological factors in the environment, cultural
Developed and and historical experiences of societies on the
Developing need and effectiveness of administrative
systems in the management of development
Nations programmes. Riggs and his colleagues opined
that administrative systems can be better
understood if the surrounding conditions,
influences and forces that come into their
shaping and modifications are identified and
classified in relation to their relative
importance and influence.
They went further to classify societies into
three groups:

1 2 3
Refracted Prismatic Fused
societies societies societies
Developed or Transitional Traditional
modern societies societies
societies (Developing)
 Riggs selected Imperial China and the
pre-revolutionary Siamese Thailand as
FUSED example of his concept of fused society.
SOCIETY
These societies had no classification of
functions and a single structure carried
out a number of functions.

These societies heavily depended upon

agriculture. Knowing no in
industrialization or modernization.
 Their economic system was
based on the law of exchange and
FUSED barter system which was called a
'redistributive model' by Riggs.
SOCIETY
The Royal family played a very
important role in the administration of
the country.

The King and the officials nominated by

him carried out all administrative;
economic and other activities by
themselves
 No separate structures existed to
manage the economic and
FUSED administrative affairs.
SOCIETY
The relation between the government
and the people were generally at low
ebb.

People showed respect to the King by

offering their services and presenting
material goods to him without expecting
anything in return.
 The government was not responsible
and accountable to the people though
FUSED the public had an obligation to obey the
dictates of the government.
SOCIETY
The family played a prominent role in
the Siamese Kingdom. It used to carry
out a variety of economic, political and
social functions.

Apart from providing the base to the

social structure, it stood at the apex of
the administration.
 As a result, the administration in these
societies strove to protect the special
FUSED interests of the family and certain sects
rather than aim at universal happiness
SOCIETY and development.

Indeed, the administrative system was

based on the ‘ structure of the family
and special sects and helped to preserve
the system, Generally, these
societies tended to be static 'with no
developed communication systems.
 People would have no demands and
never raised any issue with the
FUSED government.
SOCIETY The King and his nominees enjoyed
absolute power which they generally
used to protect their own personal
interests.
Ascriptive values played a predominant
role in the society, and the behaviour of
the people was highly traditional. Age-old
customs, beliefs, faith and traditional
ways of living enabled
the people to live together and control
their behaviour.
 Riggs uses American society as model of
diffracted society. A diffracted society
DIFFRACTED will be dynamic with high degree of
specialization and each structure carries
SOCIETY out a specialized function.

Governments would be responsive to

the needs of people and protect human
rights. People would bring pressure on
the government to get their demands
fulfilled. There would be a general
consensus among the people on all
basic aspects of social life.
 These societies are based on
DIFFRACTED universalistic principles with no
SOCIETY differentiation in treatment.

There is a high degree of specialization

and each structure carries out a
specialized function.

Ascriptive, values cease to exist, giving

way to the attainment values in the
society. The society would be highly
dynamic and diffracted.
 There exists in these societies open
class structures represented by various
DIFFRACTED associations which play a prominent
role in achieving rational results in the
SOCIETY society.
All organizations and structures in the
society are created and based on
scientific rationale.
The economic system is based on
market mechanism. The influence of
market has both direct and indirect on
the other Facets of the society. Riggs
called it marketized society.
 Various association discharge various
functions.
DIFFRACTED
Communication and technology are
SOCIETY highly developed and government give
priority to the maintenance of cordial
public relation.
Government would be responsive to the
needs of the people and protect human
rights.

People would bring pressure on the

government to get their things done and
control its behavior to a great extent.
DIFFRACTED
Government officers have no coercive
SOCIETY and absolute powers.

The public plays attention and give

respect to the law of the nation on their
own. This facilitates the implementation
of the laws and the discharge of its
responsibilities by the government
without any difficulty.
PRISMATIC
SOCIETY
Riggs concentrated all his efforts on
prismatic model to explain the nature
and administration in the post-colonial
developing nations.
PRISMATIC While doing his field work in Thailand
SOCIETY (1957-58 and teaching in Philippines
(1958-59), articulated prismatic model
based on the metaphor of prism- as the
fused white sunlight (which
represents the fusion of several colors)
passes through a prism, it becomes
diffracted into several separate colors.
 The fused light signifies fused structures
of a traditional society (single structure
PRISMATIC performing all necessary functions)
SOCIETY
The diffracted colors represent the
specialized or diffracted structures of
modern society (separate structures or
institutions for major functions)
The situation with in the prism (which is
transitional phase between the fused
and diffracted stages) reflects the
conditions in developing nations, which
Riggs began to define as prismatic
societies.
According Heterogeneity
to Riggs
prismatic
society has
three Formalism
important
characteristi
cs features
Overlapping
  The existence of a high degree of heterogeneity is the
Hetero- main characteristic feature of a prismatic society.
gency
 Heterogeneity refers to 'the simultaneous presence,
side by side, of quite different kinds of systems,
practices and view-points'.

 Owing to the parallel co-existence of diametrically

opposite view-points and practices, the social change in
a prismatic society would be inconsistent, incomplete
and unresponsive. The heterogeneity also influences the
administrative system.
  There are in a prismatic society urban areas with a
Hetero- 'sophisticated’, intellectual class, western style offices
gency and modem gadgets of administration.

 There also exist a well developed communications

system, sky-scrapers, air conditioners, the existence of
specialized agencies to discharge various social, political,
economic and technical services.

 On the other hand, in the rural areas, people lead a

highly traditional life with no facilities for modem living
like telephones, refrigerators, etc.
  The village 'elders' combine various political,
Hetero- administrative, social, economic and religious roles.
gency Heterogeneity exists in a prismatic society in all wales
of life presenting a paradoxical picture,

 In the prismatic societies political and administrative

offices enjoy enormous influence, poker and prestige
and help in making money.

 Although equal opportunities exist for all, only some

people are privileged enough and hope to get the jobs
in higher echelons.
  Those who fail to get jobs would waste no time in
forming 'pressure groups' against the government and
Hetero-
start agitations on some pretext or other.
gency
 Though elected through democratic processes, the
government would not be in a position to control the
people.

 The people in power tend to make all efforts to protect

their interests and stick to power.

 Thus, there could always be 'misunderstanding and

misrepresentation of facts giving rise to tensions and
instability in the society
Hetero-
gency  The problem becomes much complicated in a poly-
communal society where different community try to
pull the society in different directions in furtherance of
their own sectional interests. This is evident in almost all
the developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin
America. Lack of integration thus forms the basic
feature of a prismatic society
  Further, the poly-communalism also creates certain
Hetero- administrative problems. Theoretically speaking, the
gency government officers have to implement the laws
impartially.
 But a government official may be found to be more loyal
to the members of his own community than to the
government.

 As a result, a dominant minority community may gain a

high proportion of representation in the matter of
recruitment etc., thereby creating dissatisfaction among
the larger numbers of people.
  All these disparities, differentiations in almost all
Hetero- aspects of life not only influence the working of the
gency administrative system and condition its behavior but
also create a number of problems for the
administration.

 The ruling class would normally try to protect the

interests of 'haves' and ignore the interests of 'have
nots', which, according to Riggs, would create
conditions conducive to the outbreak of a revolution in
society.
  Formalism refers to 'the extent to which a discrepancy
Formalism exists between the prescriptive and the descriptive,
between formal and-effective power, between the
impression given by the Constitution, laws and
regulations, organization charts and statistics and the
actual practices and facts of government and society'.

 In other 'words, it means the degree of difference

between the formally prescribed and effectively
practiced norms and realities and the existence of gap
between the 'stated objectives' and 'real performance'.
Formalism  The greater the difference between the formal and the
actual, the more will the formalism be in a system

 The fused and diffracted societies have relatively a high

degree of realism in comparison with a prismatic society
where there is a high degree of formalism.
  'Overlapping' refers to 'the extent to which formally
differentiated structures of a diffracted society co-exist
Overlapping
with undifferentiated structures of a fused type'.

 In administrative systems administrative behaviour

tends to be influenced by non-administrative criteria,
i.e., by political, social, religious or other considerations.

 In a fused society, traditional structures perform almost

all kinds of functions and the problem of overlapping
does not arise, because in such a society whatever is
formal is also effective.
Overlapping  However, in a prismatic society, although 'new or
modem' social structures are created, in essence the old
or undifferentiated structures continue to dominate the
social system.

 Though formal recognition is given to new norms and

values which are generally associated with a diffracted
structure, in reality they are paid only lip-sympathy and
are overlooked widely in favour of traditional values
associated with undiffracted societies.
Overlapping
 Thus, in a prismatic society, the Parliament, the
Government offices, market, schools, etc., perform
various administrative, political, and economic
functions.

 In reality, their behaviour is influenced by certain

traditional organizations like family, religion, caste, etc.
 Difference Between Developed and
Developing Countries

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%20low%20per%20capita%20income.&text=Infant%20mortality%20rate%2C%20death%20rate,life%20expectancy%20rate%20is%20high.
Developed and  Countries are divided into two major
Developing categories by the United Nations, which
are developed countries and developing
Nations countries. 

 The classification of countries is based on

the economic status such as GDP, GNP,
per capita income, industrialization, the
standard of living, etc.
 Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
COMPARISON COUNTRIES COUNTRIES
Meaning A country having an Developing Country is
effective rate of a country which has a
industrialization and slow rate of
individual income is industrialization and
known as Developed low per capita income.
Country.
Unemployment and Low High
Poverty
 Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
COMPARISON COUNTRIES COUNTRIES
Rates Infant mortality rate, High infant mortality rate,
death rate and birth rate death rate and birth rate,
is low while the life along with low life
expectancy rate is high. expectancy rate.

Living conditions Good Moderate

Generates more Industrial sector Service sector
revenue from
Growth High industrial growth. They rely on the
developed countries
for their growth.
 Comparison Chart
BASIS FOR DEVELOPED DEVELOPING
COMPARISON COUNTRIES COUNTRIES

Standard of living High Low

Distribution of Income Equal Unequal

Factors of Production Effectively utilized Ineffectively utilized

  The countries which are independent and prosperous are
The following known as Developed Countries. The countries which are
facing the beginning of industrialization are called Developing
are the major
Countries.
differences
between  Developed Countries have a high per capita income and
developed GDP as compared to Developing Countries.
countries
 In Developed Countries the literacy rate is high, but in
and
Developing Countries illiteracy rate is high.
developing
countries  Developed Countries have good infrastructure and a better
environment in terms of health and safety, which are absent
in Developing Countries.
  Developed Countries generate revenue from the industrial
The following sector. Conversely, Developing Countries generate revenue
from the service sector.
are the major
differences  In developed countries, the standard of living of people is
between high, which is moderate in developing countries.
developed
countries Resources are effectively and efficiently utilized in developed
and countries. On the other hand, proper utilization of resources is
not done in developing countries.
developing
countries  In developed countries, the birth rate and death rate are low,
whereas in developing countries both the rates are high.
  There is a big difference between
CONCLUSION Developed Countries and Developing
Countries as the developed countries are
self-contained flourished while the
developing countries are emerging as a
developed country.

 Developing Countries are the one which

experience the phase of development for
the first time. If we talk about developed
countries, they are post-industrial
economies and due to this reason, the
maximum part of their revenue comes from
the service sector.
CONCLUSION
 Developed Countries have a high Human
Development Index as compared to
Developing Countries. The former has
established itself in all fronts and made
itself sovereign by its efforts while the latter
is still struggling to achieve the same.