Quantitative Chemical Analysis

Prof. Mei Shen

Chem 222

Virtually via Zoom

Aug 30 2021

1
 Goals
• Concentration units conversion
• Limiting Reagent
• Stoichiometry calculations
• Significant figures

2
 announcement
• Homework #2 posted in compass, and is due
next Monday (Sept 06) before class started at 1
pm
• A quick survey for office hour time via zoom poll

3
Conversion between wt% and M

4
Conversion between wt% and M
• Example:
Calculate the molarity of 37.0 wt% HCl where the density of the solution is
1.19 g/mL.
Molecular weight of HCl: 36.46 g/mol.

5
Dilution
• Formula: MconcVconc = MdilVdil

• example
How much volume of concentrated HCl (10 M)
do you need to make 500 mL of 0.5 M HCl?
(A) 25 mL; (B) 10 L; (C) 25 L

6
 Limiting reagent and
stoichiometry calculation

7
 Limiting reagent
1. What is limiting reagent?
A: the reactant that gets consumed first during
chemical reaction.
2. What can be used for?
A: to calculate the amount of product that will be
produced from the chemical reaction.

8
Steps to determine the limiting reagent
Below are the chemical reaction occurred
during hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. When you mix
1 mol O2 with 1mol H2, which is the limiting
reagent? How much H2O was produced in mole?

O2 + 2H2  2H2O

9
 In class Group activity
What is the limiting reagent when you mix 50 mL
of vinegar with 5 g of NaHCO3? Note: vinegar
contains 5 wt% acetic acid (CH3CO2H). The density
of vinegar is 1.0 g/mL.
CH3CO2H + NaHCO3CH3CO2 - + Na+ +CO2+H2O

Answer:
(A) CH3CO2H (B) NaHCO3 10
Chapter 3: Experimental error

11
 Significant figures

What is the percent

transmittance?
12
 Significant figures
1. Definition
Minimum number of digits needed to
write a given value in scientific notation
without loss of precision.

13
 Zero in Significant figures
Zero are significant when 1)________

2)__________

14
1. How to read the scale of
any apparatus?

2. Where does the uncertainty in measurement lie?

The last significant digit (farthest to the right) in
a measured quantity always has some
associated uncertainty. 15
In class activity
Round each of the following to three significant
numbers

(A)0.02060 (B)0.21674 (C)2.0050

*More than half-way, round up

*Less than half-way, round down
*Half-way, nearest even digit
16
 Significant figures in arithmatic
Rule of thumb: Rounding should only be done on the
final answer to avoid accumulating round-off errors.
Retain all of the digit for intermediate results in your
calculation or spreadsheet.
1. Addition & subtraction
2. Multiplication & Division
3. Logarithms and antilogarithms
17
 Addition & subtraction
Three rules:
1. If the number to be added or subtracted have equal number of
digits, the answer goes to the same decimal place.
2. If do not have same number of significant numbers, the answer
is limited by the least certain one.
3. When numbers expressed in scientific notation, all numbers
should first be expressed with the same exponent.

18
 In class activity
Identify the answer with the correct number of
significant figures:
(A)1.0 + 2.1 + 3.4+5.8 = 12.30000
(B) 106.9-31.4 = 75.5000
(C) 107.868 – (2.113 x102) + (5.0623 x 103) =
5519.568
(D) 1.021 + 2.69 = 3.71
19
Enjoy the rest
of your day!

20