HSDPA Overview

Christofer Lindheimer
WRAN System Management
Outline

 HSDPA Principles
 HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
 Capacity Management
 HS-DSCH Mobility
 Flow Control & Transport
 Questions and Answers

Commercial in confidence 2 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

What is High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA)
SPEED Higher bit rates: up to 14 Mbps

CAPACITY 2 – 3 times improved system throughput

REDUCED DELAY Reduced round trip time

STANDARDIZED Integral part of WCDMA (3GPP Release 5)

Smooth Upgrade Short time to market with existing sites

Commercial in confidence 3 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 Key Idea in HSDPA

Fast adaptation of
transmission parameters to
fast variations in radio
conditions

Commercial in confidence 4 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Shared Channel Transmission

 HSDPA data channel is called HS-DSCH

 A set of radio resources dynamically shared among multiple users
– In the time domain
– In the code domain

SF=1

SF=2

SF=4 Channelization codes allocated

SF=8
for HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)
SF=16

TTI

Shared
channelization
codes

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4 User #5 (CODE MUX!)

Commercial in confidence 5 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Short TTI (2 ms)
2 ms
 Reduced air-interface delay
– Improved end-user performance
– Required by TCP at high data rates
 Increases benefit from other HS-DSCH features
– Fast Link Adaptation
– Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining
– Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling

Rel 5 (HS-DSCH)
2 ms

Earlier releases
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms

Commercial in confidence 6 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Higher Order Modulation

 16 QAM to be used when radio quality is good

– E.g., close to base stations
 Enables higher rates

2 bits/symbol 4 bits/symbol

QPSK
16QAM

Commercial in confidence 7 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Fast Link Adaptation

 Adjust transmission parameters to match

instantaneous channel conditions

 HS-DSCH: Rate control rate adaptation

– Based on Quality reports from UE
(CQI= Channel Quality Indicator)
– Adaptive coding rate
– Adaptive modulation Bad channel Good channel
conditions conditions
– Adapt on 2 ms TTI basis  
– Use “available power” low data rate high data rate

 Compare
– Release 99: Power control (constant
rate)

Commercial in confidence 8 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 Dynamic Power Allocation

3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5

Power Power

Unused power
HS-DSCH (rate controlled)

Total cell powe Total cell power

Dedicated channels (power controlled) Dedicated channels (power controlled)

Common channels Common channels

t t
Power usage with dedicated channels HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation

Commercial in confidence 9 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Fast channel-dependent
Scheduling

 Scheduling = which UE to transmit to at a given time instant and at

what rate

 Basic idea: transmit at fading peaks

– Tradeoff: fairness vs cell throughput

Scheduled high data rate

user

User 1
low data rate
User 2 Time
#1 #2 #1 #2 #1 #2 #1

Commercial in confidence 10 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Fast channel-dependent
Scheduling
 Examples of scheduling algorithms
– Round Robin (RR)
 Cyclically assign the channel to users
 Channel quality variance unexplored
– Proportional Fair (PF)
 Assign the channel to the user with the best relative
channel quality
 Improved cell throughput
– Max C/I Ratio
 Assign the channel to the user with the best channel
quality
 High system throughput but not fair

Commercial in confidence 11 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft
Combining
 Rapid retransmissions of erroneous data
– Hybrid ARQ protocol terminated in RBS
 short RTT
– Soft combining in UE of multiple transmission attempts
 reduced error rates for RLC retransmissions

P1,1 P1,2 P2,1 P2,2 P3,1

Transmitter K
K

ACK
ACK

ACK
NAC
NAC

P1,2 P2,2
+ +
P1,1 P1,1 P2,1 P2,1 P3,1
Receiver

RTT

Commercial in confidence 12 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 HSDPA Basic Principles

Shared Channel Transmission

Dynamically shared in time & code
domain
Fast Radio Channel Fast Hybrid ARQ with
Dependent Scheduling Soft Combining
Scheduling of users on 2 ms time Reduced round trip delay
basis

Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK for
higher peak bit rates
t

Fast Link Adaptation Dynamic Power Allocation

Data rate adapted to radio Efficient power &
2 ms
conditions on 2 ms time basis spectrum utilisation
Short TTI (2 ms)
Reduced round trip delay

Commercial in confidence 13 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Node Impacts

 RBS
– HS-DSCH functionality
 Scheduling, Link Adaptation, Hybrid ARQ…
- …all implemented in RBS
 RNC
– Impact
 Setup of HS-DSCH/HS-SCCH
 Setup of users on HS-DSCH
 Capacity Management, Cell change handling

Commercial in confidence 14 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Outline

 HSDPA Principles
 HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
 Capacity Management
 HS-DSCH Mobility
 Flow Control & Transport
 Questions and Answers

Commercial in confidence 15 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 HSDPA Channel Structure
High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel – HS-DSCH
-High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel – HS-PDSCH : DL Data
-High-Speed Shared Control Channel – HS-SCCH: Scheduling

Associated Dedicated Channel- A-DCH: Data in UL and control in DL

-Multiplexed with High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel:
ACK/NACK + CQI
A-DCH

HS
-PD
SC
HS H
-S CC
H RBS B
HS
- DP
RBS A CC
H

Commercial in confidence 16 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

HS-DSCH and A-DCH

 Shared channel:
– HS-DSCH
 Per HS-DSCH user:
– A-DCH DL
 3.4 kbps SRB (control signalling)
 Also needed for power controlling the UL
– A-DCH UL
 64 (or 384) kbps DCH
 3.4 kbps SRB (control signalling)
 High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(HS-DPCCH)

Commercial in confidence 17 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

HS-DPCCH and HS-SCCH power

 HS-DPCCH (UL)
– ACK, NACK, CQI
 Power offsets in relation to DPCCH
 Repetition of ACK, NACK, CQI based on performance
 HS-SCCH (DL)
– Fixed Power (relative to CPICH)

Commercial in confidence 18 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

UE capabilities

HS- DSCH Maximum Minimum Maximum num ber of Total Modulation

category number of inter-TTI bits of an HS- DSCH number of
HS- DSCH interval transport block soft channel
codes received within bits
received an HS- DSCH TTI
Category 1 5 3 7298 19200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 2 5 3 7298 28800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 3 5 2 7298 28800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 4 5 2 7298 38400 QPSK/16QAM
Category 5 5 1 7298 57600 QPSK/16QAM
Category 6 5 1 7298 67200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 7 10 1 14411 115200 QPSK/16QAM
Category 8 10 1 14411 134400 QPSK/16QAM
Category 9 15 1 20251 172800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 10 15 1 27952 172800 QPSK/16QAM
Category 11 5 2 3630 14400 QPSK
Category 12 5 1 3630 28800 QPSK

Commercial in confidence 19 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 HSDPA Services and RABs first
HSDPA release
 New RABs
– PS Interactive
64/HS
– PS Interactive
384/HS
 16QAM is optional
 1–5 HS-PDSCH
codes (configurable)
 All HS capable UEs
use HSDPA
regardless of CN
requested bit-rate Theoretical max: BLER operating level 10 % will
decrease values accordingly
Commercial in confidence 20 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
Outline

 HSDPA Principles
 HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
 Capacity Management
 HS-DSCH Mobility
 Flow Control & Transport
 Questions and Answers

Commercial in confidence 21 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

 Admission control

non-guaranteed / handover

guaranteed / non-handover

guaranteed / handover
non-guaranteed /
 Admission thresholds varies

non-handover
depending on:
– Request class
 Guaranteed Load
- Conversational
- Streaming
Admission Rejected
 Non-guaranteed
- Interactive
- Background
– Request type
 Handover Admission Granted
 Non-handover

Commercial in confidence 22 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Admission control
MAX number of HS-

non-guaranteed / handover
DSCH users criterion

guaranteed / non-handover

A-DCH / non-handover
guaranteed / handover

A-DCH / handover
High load situations

non-guaranteed /
should still allow for

non-handover
access to remaining
power
Power

Congestion threshold
Admission Rejected
Handover threshold
Guaranteed threshold
Non-guaranteed threshold

Admission Granted

Commercial in confidence 23 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Congestion control

“DL Congestion”
Congestion Block ALL new requests Admission
Control Control

Start congestion resolve actions in the cell

Periodically:
•Downswitch non-guaranteed users to Cell(s)
Cell_FACH
•Downswitch HS-users to idle state
•Drop guaranteed users
Most resource-consuming users are targeted first

Commercial in confidence 24 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Outline

 HSDPA Principles
 HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
 Capacity Management
 HS-DSCH Mobility
 Flow Control & Transport
 Questions and Answers

Commercial in confidence 25 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Overview of HSDPA Mobility

Iu Iu •Serving HS-DSCH Cell

RNC RNC
Selection (Intra and
Iur
Inter-Frequency)

•No Soft/Softer HO for

Iub
HS-DSCH
Iub Iub
Associated •Serving HS-DSCH Cell
Dedicated Change (Intra-RNC)
HS Channels
-PD
HS SC
- H
HS SCC
-DP H
CC
H

Commercial in confidence 26 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change, -Mobility

 The following events will trigger a serving HS-DSCH cell

change
– A change of best cell within AS (event 1d)
– SHO removal (event1b)
– SHO replacement (event 1c) Iu Iu

RNC RNC
Iur

Iub

No support for HS-DSCH over Iur Iub

Associated
Dedicated
Iub

HS Channels
-D SC
HS H
-
HS SCC
- H
DP
CC
H

Commercial in confidence 27 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Outline

 HSDPA Principles
 HSDPA Channels and Bearers
– Power Setting of new channels
 Capacity Management
 HS-DSCH Mobility
 Flow Control & Transport
 Questions and Answers

Commercial in confidence 28 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Purpose of Iub flow control

 Pre-buffer data in RBS to allow fast

SDU buffer
scheduling
RNC

 Avoid buffer overflow or empty buffers in

RBS RLC buffer

 Keep an appropriate amount of data buffered TN Iub flow control

in RBS
– Conflicting requirements
RBS
 Keep the RBS priority queues short in RBS buffer
order to avoid excessive RLC RTT
 Keep enough data in queue to ensure (Scheduler)

throughput when scheduled

UE HARQ buffer

 Ensure that the flow is within Iub Transport

Network limits
Commercial in confidence 29 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27
HSDPA enablers in the Transport

Iub solution optimized for efficient bandwidth utilization

– With AAL2 Switching and UBR for HSDPA
New Best Effort AAL2 QoS class for handling HS traffic
– Class C
AAL2 QoS separation between different traffic classes
– A, B, C
User traffic Flow control for HSDPA
IMA for trunking gains
– For >1.5Mbps HS bandwidth to a single user

Commercial in confidence 30 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Iub Configuration with AAL2 Switching,
UBR, IMA
HSDPA Peak rate of up to 2.2Mb/s

C
AAL2/UBR T1 best effort
Class C: HSDPA

B 3 Mbps
AAL2/ Class B:
A CBR
DCH best effort
T1
R99 PS
Data

Class A:
ET-MC1 / Strict QoS
Voice, Video, CS64,

MC41 Common Channels

Commercial in confidence 31 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27

Questions and Answers
Commercial in confidence 33 HSDPA Overview 2005-09-27