CE102-W6-MASONRY AND ITS TYPES

ENGR. CAROLINE A. ASUNCION

1st semester A.Y. 2021-2022
LA CONCEPCION COLLEGE
Masonry
It is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid
in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to
the units themselves.
TYPES OF MASONRY:

Masonry and its types

•Stone Masonry.

•Brick Masonry.
•Block Masonry.
•Veneer Masonry.
•Gabion Masonry.
•Composite Masonry.
•Reinforced Masonry.
Stone masonry 
This construction technique is used for building foundations, floors,
retaining walls, arches, walls and columns. The stones used for
masonry construction are natural rocks.
Brick masonry
It is a highly durable form of construction. It is built by placing bricks in
mortar in a systematic manner to construct solid mass that withstand
exerted loads. There are several types of bricks and number of
mortars which can be used to construct brick masonry.
Concrete Blocks Masonry
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) are mainly two types, solid and hollow
blocks. They are manufactured in required shape and sizes.
Masonry veneer walls
Consist of a single non-structural external layer of masonry, typically
made of brick, stone or manufactured stone. Masonry veneer can
have an air space behind it and is technically called
"anchored veneer".
Masonry and its types
Gabion masonry  is held together in a metal mesh cage.
Gabion is a welded wire cage or box filled with materials such as
stone, concrete, sand, or soil. It is partially flexible block construction
used for slope stability and erosion
Composite masonry is the masonry constructed with two or more
different types of materials such as bricks, stones, glass block and cement
concrete block.
Composite walls are used for the following reasons:
1. It reduces overall cost of construction
2. It makes the structure more durable by providing materials of better
quality and good workmanship in the faces.
3. It improves the appearance of the structure by concealing inferior work
4. It makes the use of locally available materials to obtain maximum
economy
Types:
1.Stone facing with brick backing 3.Brick facing with concrete backing
2.Stone slab facing with brick 4.Ashlar facing with brick backing
backing
Ashlar is finely dressed stone, either
an individual stone that has been
worked until squared, or a structure
built from such stones. Ashlar is the
finest stone masonry unit, generally
rectangular cuboid in shape.
Reinforced masonry is a form of composite construction where
the masonry units resist compressive stress and internal reinforcement 
resists tensile stress developing primarily from flexure and shear actions.
 Masonry and its types
2 types of concrete hollow blocks:
1. .Solid concrete block

2. Hollow concrete block

Advantages of CHB
1. The cores reduces the cross-section. It minimizes area by at least
25% thereby reducing the weight of the block.
2.The process of laying out/installation is quicker because one can
easily handle each block
3. The holes reduce the quantity of materials to be used which
means lesser cost.
4.Solid blocks are not capable to withstand high lateral force because
mortar bonds are weak.
Masonry and its types
Rebars are embedded onto the Sound travels slower in concrete
hollow blocks hollow blocks than in solid
Masonry and its typescrete masonry units(CMU)
Hollow concrete block , made from cement, aggregate,water, are able
to be produced in required size and shape by block making machine,
as concrete masonry unit for building material,
the common size is 4 inch, 6 inch, 8 inch, 10 inch and 12-inch unit
configurations
CMU SIZES
Masonry and its types
The nominal dimension of a CMU is the actual dimension plus the
width of the mortar joint.  Typical CMU mortar joints are 3/8".  The
nominal dimension works within the 4" grid that other construction
materials follow.

mortar joint
Masonry and its types
Types of Concrete Blocks
Solid concrete blocks are among the most commonly used concrete
blocks that are way bigger and denser than concrete bricks. They are
designed to be heavy, strong, and are produced from naturally dense
aggregates. Due to their strength, they are mostly used for building
load-bearing walls and structures
Masonry and its types
• Aerated Autoclaved Concrete Blocks

• Aerated autoclaved concrete blocks are composed of the same

aggregates as bricks, but the composition or mixture varies,
resulting in a larger yet lighter version. This quality has enabled a
significant reduction in cost. Plus, research suggests that its high
durability has led to a reduction in the overall consumption of
steel by 15% and concrete by 10%
Masonry and its types
Hollow concrete block
It is defined as a concrete block containing a void area that’s 25%
greater than the gross area, and the solid area should be greater than
50%. Since it is made from lightweight aggregates, the blocks are light,
making them easy to install.
Masonry and its types
Lintel blocks
Also known as channeled blocks, are U-shaped concrete masonry
units. They are primarily used in the preparation of lintel beams.
Attached on top of windows and doors, these blocks bear the load
coming from the top. The deep groove present in lintel blocks is filled
with concrete along with reinforcement bars once the blocks are
placed.
A lintel orlintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space
or opening between two vertical supports. It can be a decorative
architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item. It is
often found over portals, doors, windows and fireplaces
 Masonry and its types

Lintel

 Lintel or lintol is a type of beam that spans

openings such as portals, doors, windows and
fireplaces. It can be a decorative architectural
element, or a combined ornamented structural
item.
Masonry and its types
Concrete corner blocks
Serve as the corner blocks in masonry or the ends of door
openings or windows. One corner of the block is plain while the
other is a stretcher design with the face parallel to the wall. The plain
side is exposed to the outside while the other serves as a stretcher
lock towards the inside
Masonry and its types
Partition concrete blocks
• They are the same as concrete pillar blocks except that these blocks
have a larger height than their breadth. The hollow part is often
divided into two to three components. These blocks are ideal for the
construction of partition walls.
Masonry and its types
• Exterior load-bearing walls

• Interior load-bearing walls

• Curtain walls
• Partition wall and panel walls
• Backing from brick, stone, and other facing
• Fireproofing over a structural member
• Fire-safe walls around stairwells, elevators
• Piers, column and retaining walls etc.
• Boundary fences
 Masonry and its types

Exterior load bearing wall Interior load bearing wall

Masonry and its types
Brick

It is used to refer to any stone- or clay-based building unit that is joined with
cementitious mortar when used in construction. Typically, bricks are about 4
wide, 8 inches long, with a variety of thicknesses. Larger stone- or clay-based
building units of the type used in foundations are usually called blocks.

Mortar

It is a workable paste made of cement, sand and water, which

hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and
concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between
them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add
decorative colors or patterns to masonry
Masonry and its types
Types of bricks according to raw materials used:
1. Burnt clay bricks are the classic form of brick, created by pressing
wet clay into molds, then drying and firing them in kilns.
2. Sand Lime Bricks are made by mixing sand, fly ash and lime.
Pigments may also be added for color. The mixture is then molded
under pressure to form bricks; the materials bond together by a
chemical reaction that occurs as the wet bricks dry under heat and
pressure. These bricks are not fired in kilns in the same manner
as burnt clay bricks
3. Concrete bricks are made from solid concrete and are growing in
popularity among homeowners. Concrete bricks are usually placed
in facades, fences, and provide an excellent aesthetic presence.
These bricks can be manufactured to provide different colors if
pigments are added during production.
Masonry and its types
4. Fly ash clay bricks
They are manufactured with clay and fly ash—a byproduct of coal
burning—fired at about 1,000 degrees C. Because fly ash contains a
high volume of calcium oxide, this type of brick is sometimes described
as self-cementing, since it expands when exposed to moisture.
Fly ash clay brick has the advantage of being lighter in weight than
clay or concrete brick.

5. Fire bricks,also known as refractory bricks, are manufactured from

specially formulated earth with a high aluminum oxide content. After
burning, these bricks can withstand very high temperatures without
their shape, size, or strength being affected.
Masonry and its types
TYPES OF BRICKS
Size of a Brick
Masonry and its types
Strecher Bond/Running Bond
Simplest bond that is not suitable as a stand alone structural wall and
a structural wall built directly behind it, fixed with wall ties would be
needed.
It is normally used a facade for the main structural building.
Masonry and its types
Stretcher Bond
Masonry and its types
Header Bond
The bricks are arranged in the header courses.
Heade
r Bond
 This type of bond is useful for the construction of one brick thick walls.
Masonry and its types
Header Bond
Masonry and its types
English Bond
Bricks are laid in alternate layers of headers and stretchers.
often used in garden landscaping for screen walls.
The traditional way of laying the courses is often changed to have 1
course of headers, then 3-5-7 courses in between the stretch
course
Masonry and its types
Flemish Bond
This is where alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in
every course.
 Each header is placed centrally between the stretcher immediately
above and below to maintain an even bond. It is rarely used today on
new modern buildings and is more suited to garden walling and
feature structures.
Masonry and its types

How to install bricks

Masonry and its types

How to install bricks

mortar
THANK YOU!!!