ISIS Protocol Principle and Configuration

ISIS Routing Protocol
BY: Gebretinsae G.
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001

January 2017
IS-IS Contents
 Basic Concept of ISIS

 Hierarchical Division of ISIS
 IS-IS Packet Types
 Neighbor Establishment of ISIS
 IS-IS Operation
 Routing Calculation of ISIS
 Comparison of ISIS and OSPF
 Basic ISIS Configuration
 ISIS Troubleshooting
 ET ISIS Configuration and troubleshooting
 Basic OSPF Configuration
 OSPF Troubleshooting
P_002
Basic Concept of ISIS
 Intermediate System to Intermediate System(ISIS)
is an intra-domain routing protocol .
• IS-IS a dynamical routing protocols in the open system
interconnected ISO (ISO10589 or RFC1195)
• IS-IS a dynamic routing protocol based on SPF routing
algorithm
• IS-IS is an IGP protocol and similar to the link state
routing protocol of the OSPF
• IS-IS converges rapidly and it is also scalable to support
very large networks.
• Large ISPs typically use IS-IS because it is scalable to very
large networks.
• ISIS has two layer hierarchy:
• level-2 (backbone area) and level-1 (non backbone areas) P_003
Basic Concept of ISIS...
 IS-IS adheres to the following Link State characteristics:
• IS-IS allows for a hierarchical network design using Areas.
• IS-IS forms neighbor relationships with adjacent routers of the
same IS-IS type.
• Instead of advertising the distance to connected networks, IS-IS
advertises the status of directly connected “links” in the form of
Link-State Packets (LSPs).
• IS-IS only send out updates when there is a change to one of its
links, and only send the change in the update.
• IS-IS uses the Dijkstra Shortest Path First algorithm to determine
the shortest path.
• IS-IS is a classless protocol, and thus supports VLSMs.
• Classless routing protocols do send the subnet mask with their
updates. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_004
 IS-IS was originally developed to route the ISO address space, and
thus is not limited to IP routing.
• IS-IS routes have an administrative distance or priority of 115.
• IS-IS uses an arbitrary cost for its metric.
• IS-IS additionally has three optional metrics: delay, expense, and
error.
• IS-IS has no hop-count limit.
 IS-IS process builds and maintains three separate tables:

1. A neighbor table – contains a list of all neighboring routers.
2. A topology table – contains a list of all possible routes to all
known networks within an area.
3. A routing table – contains the best route for each known
network.
P_005
 IS-IS consists of three sub-protocols that work in
cycle to achieve end to end routing.
• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) –
serves as the Layer-3 protocol for IS-IS (and was
developed by ISO). In r
eali
o IS-IS does not require t ;
of hIPyconnectivity
eve between
ach
routers to share routing / ryo
isinformation.
ieve her ne a
o Updates are sent via CLNP plan chie
som instead
e or anof
d
IP.
ves
mo
• ES-IS (End System -to- Intermediate her ve fa
ry System)ils t – st
targ few o
used to route between hosts and routers. et of h
is /
• IS-IS (Intermediate System -to- Intermediate
System) – used to route between routers.
P_006
Hierarchical Division of ISIS
 Area Division of ISIS

 IS-IS is composed of L2 backbone area and
L1 non backbone area.
In r
 The following routers run
eali the IS-IS router:
t y;
• L1 router (routing o eve
ach f inside
his / the
ryo area)
ieve her ne a
• L2 router (routing among som pareas)
e or
lan chiev
and es m
• L1/L2 router (similar htoer the targ
ry f fairouter
veABR
ew
ls to ost
of the OSPF) et of h
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P_007
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
 The area division of IS-IS is done on the link. The router

is fully in one area.
• To prevent routing loop among areas, the
communication among areas must pass through L2
area. In r
eali
t y;
• Therefore, L2 routera must o f hi be eve directly connected
chie s / h ryone
between areas. ve s er p
om lan achiev
• The L1/L2 router only notifies the and of eL1
e orrouting s mtype to
her ve ry fails ost
L1 router. targ few to
et of h
• The L1 area is equivalent to the totally-stub area is / of the
OSPF protocol.
P_008
 Area Comparison of OSPF and ISIS
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P_009
 IS-IS defines three types of IS-IS routers:
• Level-1 Router – Has neighbors only on the same
area. with a topology table limited to only its local
area (called the Level-1 Database)
• Level-2 Router -- a backbone router that routes
In r a Level-2 Database.
between areas, and builds eali
t y;
• Level-1-2 Router – similar of h to evearea border router.
an
ach is / ryo
ieveareahand
Interfaces between a local er p thene backbone
a area,
so m l an ch ieve
e
and builds both a Level-1 and a oLevel-2 r a nddatabase.
sm
h e v e r fails ost
• An L2 router maintains a database y
r ta of allfethe areas
to in
rge w of h L2 or
the autonomous system and the closest t next-hop is /
L1/L2 router for each area.
P_0010
 L1 Router and L2 Router
o Level1 router:
• It can only be neighbor with the routers in the area.
• It has the level1 LSDB which contains all routing information
in the area.
• It uses the nearest L1/L2 router to leave the area.
In r
• Level-1 routers form Level-1eadjacencies
alit with other Level-1
routers and Level-1-2 routers.of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
o Level2 router: ieve her ne a
s o m plan chie
• Inter-area routing and have neighbors e oinr other anareas ves
v d fa mo
• Level 2 routing is routing betweenhareas.
er t e ry f ils t st
ew o
• It has the level2 LSDB which contains aall rgerouting
t oinformation
f hi
in other areas. s/
• Level-2 routers form Level-2 adjacencies with other Level-2
routers and Level-1-2 routers. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001 P_0011
 L1/L2 router:
o It can have neighbors on other areas.
o Level-1-2 routers form both Level-1, Level-2
and Level-1-2 adjacencies with other Level-1-
2 routers. In rea
o It has two LSDBs: of lity; ev
ac his e ry
• Level1 LSDB about one routing
hiev the/ hinternal
e so er pla achi
information in the area me o n and eves m
r ve
• Level2 LSDB about routing h ry f fails to ost
er t information
arg ew
among areas et of h
is /
 NB:-Level-1 routers will never form adjacencies
with Level-2 routers. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_0012
Network Hierarchical Structure of IS-IS
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P_0013
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P_0014
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P_0015
Hierarchical Division of ISIS Summary
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targ few o
et of h
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P_0016
IS-IS Packet Types
 IS-IS defines two categories of network devices:

• ES (End System) – identifies an end host.
• IS (Intermediate System) – identifies a Layer 3
router. In r
 IS-IS additionally defineseafour
lity categories of packet
of h ; eve
types: ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
• Hello som plan chiev
e or and es m
• LSP her very fails t ost
targ few o
• CSNP et of h
is /
• PSNP
P_0017
IS-IS Packet Types…
 Hello packets Establish and maintain adjacencies.

 Three types of IS-IS Hello packets exist:
1. IIH (IS-IS Hello) – exchanged between routers (or IS’s) to form
neighbor adjacencies.
2. ESH (ES Hello) – sent from an ES to discover a router.
3. ISH (IS Hello) – sent from anI IS to announce its presence to ES’s
n re
alit
 LSP (Link State Packet) Advertises o y; einformation and is used to
link-state
a f h i ver
share topology information between chirouters.s /There yare
onseparate
eve h er p e ach LSPs for
Level 1 (L1LSP) and Level 2 (L2LSP) routing. so m l an ieve
 CSNP (Complete Sequence Number PDU) An update e a nd
or v containing sthe
mo
e fa
herthe fullrydatabaseilsevery st
complete list of LSPs. IS-IS routers will refresh targ few to 15
minutes. et of h
 PSNP (Partial Sequence Number PDU) is used by IS-IS routers tosboth
i /
request and acknowledge a link-state update after receiving a CSNP.
P_0018
Neighbor Establishment of ISIS
 IS-IS routers form neighbor relationships, called adjacencies, by

exchanging Hello packets (often referred to as IS-IS Hellos/IIH’s).
• Hello packets are sent out every 10 seconds. Only after an
adjacency is formed can routers share routing information.
• Neighbors on point-to-point networks always become adjacent
In r in their neighbors' hello PDU
unless they do not see themselves
eali
and match on certain parameters. ty; e
of h
• On broadcast networks, the is / veryonIntermediate
achDIS (Designated
ieve her e ac
System) will become adjacent withsoits neighbors. p l an hie
m
• There are three types of adjacencies: e or and ves m
o Level-1 adjacency – for routinghwithin er t van eryareaf(intra-area
ails ost
arg few o to
routing) et f hi
o Level-2 adjacency – for routing between areas (inter-area s/
routing)
o Level-1-2 adjacency – for only Level-1-2 within an area.P_0019
Neighbor Establishment Process of ISIS
 Send the Hello packets (IIH PDU) in period

(10s) to find the neighbors;
 Match the parametersInto establish the adjacency
rea
relation. lity
of h ; eve
ach
 Init – Learn the neighbors. is But
/ ryo adjacency
the
ieve her ne a
relation is not formed; som plan chiev
e or and es m
 UP – Establish the adjacencyherelation. ver fail ost
rt y f s
ewto
arg of h
et
is /
P_0020
Neighbor Establishment Process of ISIS…
 IIH interconnects with others to form adjacency among

ISIS routers.
 Classification of the IIH:
• P2P IIH (used for point to point network)
• LAN IIH (used for In r
broadcast
eali
t y;
type network)
-- LAN Level1acIIHf his everyo
o
hiev / he n
-- LAN Level2 IIH e so r pla e achie
me n an ves
 IIH fulfills the MTU in LAN. Only or when
ve
dthe
fa MTUsmo in
st
her ry f ils t
the two ends are consistent, then the targadjacency
ew o
et of h can be
formed. is /
P_0021
Neighbor Establishment Process of the ISIS…
 Three Handshakes for Establishing Neighbor

• Enter the INIT status when receiving the hello packet of the
neighbor;
• Enter the UP status when finding the MAC of itself in the
TLV of neighbor hello packet.
P_0022
Neighbor Establishment Process of the ISIS…
 The election of the Designated IS—DIS
• Reduce the neighbor information carried in the LSP sent in the
broadcast type network and simplify the network structure.
• In the broadcast type network, We should elect designated
router for L1 and L2 areas respectively.
• In r the adjacency relation.
All neighbors need to establish
• eali
DIS assigns LAN IDs of the network.ty; It is composed of the
system ID of the DIS a of his every
• Election principle chie / h e on e
ve s r pl ach
o The interface is specified withoan meL1 typea ieve and an L2
n anpriority
type priority. The range is 0–127. or v d fa s mo
her
o The larger the number is, the higher e ry ils t st
the
targ f
priority
ew is;
o
o When the priorities are the same, see the et MACofaddresses
his of
the interfaces. /
o The larger the number is, the higher the priority is;
o The DIS is not stable. Can be preempted . P_0023
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P_0024
 A DIS is the equivalent of an OSPF DR (Designated Router).
 Unlike OSPF, however, there is no Backup DIS, and thus a new election will
occur immediately if the DIS fails. Additionally, the DIS election is
preemptive.
 The DIS sends out hello packets every 3.3 seconds, instead of every 10
seconds.
 SNPA stands for Subnetwork Point of Attachment. It identifies a point at
which a device connects to a network.
 The SNPA for a local-area network (LAN) connection is the MAC address of
the interface.
 AD-ER-DATA-B#show isis adjacency
Process ID: 0
Interface System id State Lev Holds SNPA(802.2) Pri
xgei-0/1/0/1 AD-ER-DATA-A UP L2 22 0022.9354.68A0 64
 AD-ER-DATA-A#show interface xgei-0/1/0/1

xgei-0/1/0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Description is to-AD-ER-DATA-B_xgei-0/1/0/1
Hardware is XGigabit Ethernet, address is 0022.9354.68a0
P_0025
IS-IS Operation
 Work Progress of ISIS

• Send Hellos
• Establish the adjacency relation
• Create and Send an LSPI and flood it to neighbors
n re
• alit
Receive all LSPs from neighbors
of h y; eve
• is /
ach information
Synchronize the database ryoof the link status
ieve her ne a
• som the
Use the SPF algorithm to calculate chie
plaroutings.
e or n and ves m
• Newly received LSPs trigger SPF ver PRC
her and/or faicalculations
l ost
y
targ few to s
et of h
is /
P_0026
Maintenance of the Database
 LSP: link state PDU
 Exchange the routes information, establish and maintain
the LSDB .
 CSNP: Complete Sequence Number PDU
 In the point to point and broadcast link, CSNP is used to
In r
check the consistency of theeLSDB alit
o y; e
 PSNP: Partial sequenceacnumber f his PDU ver
hiev / he yone
 The two main functions : e so r pla achi
me n an eves
• In the point to point link, it is used orto
v confirm
d fa themo
her e ry f ils t st
received LSP; targ ew o
• In the point to point and broadcast link, of h
et it is used
isto/
request the newest version or lost LSP.
P_0027
Link State PDU (LSP)
 Each router creates an LSP and flood it to neighbours
 Two types of LSP
• LSP generated by node on P2P
• LSP of the LAN (generated by DIS)
 Level 1 router generates Level 1 LSP
In r
 Level 2 router generates Level eal2i LSP
t
of h y; eve
 Level 1-2 router generates achLevelis 1/ LSPryand Level 2 LSP
ieve her one a
lan chievand disperses
me pgenerates
 In the following conditions, each ISsorouter
o and es m
the P2P node LSP: r
 New neighbor joining or leaving targ few o
et of h
 New IP prefix adding or removing is /
 Changing of the metric of link
 Refreshing timer overflow P_0028
Link State PDU (LSP)…
 New LSPs are flooded to all neighbours It is necessary
that all routers get all LSPs Each LSP has a sequence
number
 Two kinds of flooding
• Flooding on a p2p link
• Flooding on LAN
 Once the adjacency is established, both IS send CSNP
 Missing LSPs are sent by both ISs if not present in the received
CSNP (Complete Sequence Number Packet)
 Missing LSPs may be requested through PSNP (Partial
Sequence Number Packet)
 P2P link ISs resend their LSP at least every 15 Seconds
P_0029
Flooding on a P2P Link
P_0030
Link-State Database Synchronization—P2P
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P_0031
Link State PDU (LSP)…
 Flooding on a LAN
 DIS is elected for each LAN
 DIS has two tasks :
• Creating and updating LSP
• Conducting the flooding over the LAN
 DIS multicasts CSNP every 10 seconds
 All IS in the LAN check the CSNP against their own LSDB
(and may ask specific retransmission with PSNPs)
 No Backup DIS in IS-IS
 DIS generates and floods new LSPs :
• New neighbor joining or leaving
• Refreshing timer overflow
P_0032
Flooding on a LAN
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eali
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targ few o
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P_0033
Complete Sequence Number PDU(CSNP)
 Describes all LSPs in your LSDB (in range)

 If LSDB is large, multiple CSNPs are sent
 Used at two occasions
• Periodic multicast by DIS (every 10 seconds) to
synchronise LSDB over LAN subnets
• On p2p links when link comes up (every 15
seconds)
P_0034
Partial Sequence Number PDUs(PSNP)
 PSNPs Exchanged on p2p links (ACKs)

 Two functions
• Acknowledge receipt of an LSP
• Request transmission ofInlatest
rea LSP
lity
o f ; ev
 PSNPs describe LSPs byaits his
chiheader e ry
eve / her one ac
• LSP identifier som plan hie
e or and ves m
h e ver fail ost
• Sequence number r ta y s
rge few of to
t his
• Remaining lifetime /
• LSP checksum
P_0035
Routing Calculation of the ISIS
 Default: default metric-Cost (necessary)

• Delay: pass-through delay of a subnet (optional)
• Expense: cost of a subnet (optional)
• Error: show the remaining error problems of the
subnet. It is similar In r to reliability metric of
eali
IGRP/EIGRP (optional). ty;
of h eve
ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
 Each metric is expressed by 0–63.
som each chieof metric is
plan kind
e or and ves m
calculated by the separatedh independent routing.
er t very fe fails to ost
Therefore, if one system supports the arg fourwmetrics.
of h SPF
et
can make L1 and L2 to calculate four times. The is /router
SPF to the destination can be calculated repetitiously.
P_0036
Calculation of Route—Best Router Selection
 If there are multiple routes to a destination :

• The path of L1 is prior to the path of L2
• If the path supports the optional metric, then it
is prior to the defaultInmetric
rea
• The route with lowest limetric
t
of h y; eve is prior than
ac is / ryo
others in each level ieve her ne a
h
som plan chiev
• If there are multiple paths with e or theansame
d ecost
sm
h ve r fa il ost
in the routing table, you can e r ta usefethe
y
w
s load
to
rge of h
balancing. There are six at most. t is /
P_0037
Comparison of the ISIS and the OSPF
 Same Points of the ISIS and the OSPF (1)
• They are both the link state protocols and use the
SPF algorithm to calculate the routes.
• They both have the fast convergence and loop
free function. They are capable for large
networks.
• They both use the hello protocol to maintain the
neighbor relation.
• They both use the hierarchical routing concept.
They both have the backbone areas, which can
provide the agile and actual design plan for the
network planning. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_0038
 Same Points of the ISIS and the OSPF (2)
• To control the scale and complexity of LSDB , DR

is elected on the broadcast network.
• They both support the authentication.
• They both use the interface configurable cost for
route metric .
• They both have the capability to provide the
address summary among areas.
• They both support the classless routing selection
protocol.
P_0039
 Distinctions of the ISIS and the OSPF(1)
ISIS OSPF
Protocol model ISO model TCP/IP model
Design for CLNS. It is added with the It is dedicated for the IP network.
support of the IP.
Network type Broadcast type and point to point Broadcast type, point to point, point to
multiple points, NBMA and virtual link
Area Backbone area is not a specified area. It is Backbone area is area 0
composed of continuous Level 2 routers. Area border is in the router (ABR)
Area border is in the link among routers. By default, it is not the stub area.
By default, the ISIS is the stub area. L2
cannot leak routing information to L1.
DR/DIS Preemptive. No BDR. Non preemptive. Have BDR.

In the broadcast network, the router and all The router only establish the adjacency
neighbors establish the adjacency relation. relation with DR and BDR neighbors.
Adjacency Establish the adjacency relation through the Establish the neighbor relation through the
establishment hello packet. and establish adjacency hello packet, and establish adjacency
P_0040
 Distinctions of the ISIS and the OSPF(2)
ISIS OSPF
LSDB Use LSP. It is a packet itself. Use LSA. It is encapsulated in the IP packet.
The initial database synchronization is done The initial database synchronization is done
after the establishment of the adjacency before the establishment of the adjacency
relation. relation.
SPF algorithm Run Level 1 SPF in the area to calculate the Run SPF in the area to calculate the
routings. routings.
Run Level 2 SPF in the area to calculate the Run distance vector algorithm among areas
routings. to calculate the routings.
Applicable range It is commonly used in the large ISP. It is commonly used in the enterprise
network and large ISP.
Complexity Generate less LSP. Commonly, it uses only Generate more LSAs. Commonly it is
one area. configured with multiple areas.
Network scale It can support rather larger single area. For rather large network, it is commonly
divided to multiple areas.
P_0041
ISIS Configuration
 NET Address (Network entity title )
• The address of the ISO network. It is called as the NET
address. It is used to describe the area ID and the system
ID of the device.
• Area: the area number. The length is variable from 1 to 13
bytes. By default, one router can have three area numbers.
• ID: the system ID. It is similar to the Router ID in the
OSPF. The length is variable. Commonly, it is 6 bytes. It is
identified by using the interface MAC. It is unique in the
area.
• Sel: selection character. It is similar to the IP protocol
number. It is set to 0x00. It means a NET address.
P_0042
ISIS Configuration…
 Example of the NET Addresses
P_0043
ISIS Configuration for zte ROS
 Start the IS-IS process
ZXR10(config)# router isis
 Configure the system ID number and the area number
ZXR10(config-router)# system-id xxxx. xxxx. Xxxx
ZXR10(config-router)# area xx. xxxx
 Enable ISIS in the interface to send IIH

ZXR10(config)# interface < interface name>
ZXR10(config-if)# ip router isis
 Select an appropriate operation type for router according to the
actual network construction.
ZXR10(config-router)# is-type { level-1 | level-1-2 |

level-2-only}
P_0044
ISIS Configuration……
 Configuration Example of Single Area—
Description
R1\R2 belongs to area 1;
P_0045
 Configuration Example of Single Area—Configuration
ZXR10_R1(config)# router isis ZXR10_R2(config)# router isis

ZXR10_R1(config-router)# area 01 ZXR10_R2(config-router)# area 01
ZXR10_R1(config-router)# system-id 00D0.D0C7.53E0 ZXR10_R2(config-router)# system-id 00D0.D0C7.5460
ZXR10_R1(config-router)# exit ZXR10_R2(config-router)# exit
ZXR10_R1(config)# interface fei_2/4 ZXR10_R2(config)# interface fei_1/4
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)# ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# ip router isis ZXR10_R2(config-if)# ip router isis
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# exit ZXR10_R2(config-if)# exit
ZXR10_R1(config)# interface fei_2/6 ZXR10_R2(config)# interface fei_1/3
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ZXR10_R2(config-if)# ip addre 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# ip router isis ZXR10_R2(config-if)# ip router isis
ZXR10_R1(config-if)# exit ZXR10_R2(config-if)# exit P_0046
 Configuration Example of Single Area—Verification
R1(config-isis)# show isis adjacency

Query the establishment of the neighbors
Interface System id State Lev Holds SNPA(802. 2) Pri MT
Fei_2/4 00D0. D0C7. 53E0 UP/UP L1L2 8/7 0030. 3144. 5566 64/64
R1(config-isis)#show isis topology

Query the topology information
IS-IS paths to Level-1 routers
System id Metric Next-Hop Interface SNPA
00D0. D0C7. 53E0 10 00D0. D0C7. 53E0 fei-2/4 0030. 3144. 5566
00D0. D0C7. 5460 –

00D0. D0C7. 53E0 10 00D0. D0C7. 53E0 fei-2/4 0030. 3144. 5566
P_0047
00D0. D0C7. 5460 -- Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
 Configuration Example of Single Area—Verification
R2(config)#show isis adjacency

fei-1/4 00D0. D0C7. 5460 UP/UP L1L2 23/23 0030. 3144. 5560 64/64
R2(config)#show isis circuits //Query the interface information and the DIS election condition
IS-IS interface database:
Interface State Lev CirId Level1-DR Level2-DR Pri(L1/L2)
fei_1/3 Up L1L2 0 No found No found 64/64
fei_1/4 Up L1L2 2 Dis is me Dis is me 64/64
P_0048
 Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas
area 0
area 1 area 2
 R1 belongs to area 1; R2 belongs to area 0; R3 and R4 belong to area 2.

 In R1, aggregate the routes in the network segment of area 1.
 In R4, redistribute the default route into IS-IS.
P_0049
 Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas—Configuration of R1 and R2
R1(config)# interface fei-1/3
R1(config-if)# ip address 192. 168. 15. 1 255. 255. 255. 0
R1(config-if)# ip router isis
R1(config-if)# isis circuit-type level-2
R1(config-if)# exit R2(config)# interface fei-1/3
R1(config)# interface fei-1/4 R2(config-if)# ip address 192. 168. 15. 2 255. 255. 255. 0
R1(config-if)# ip address 192. 168. 100. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 R2(config-if)# ip router isis
R1(config-if)# ip router isis R2(config-if)# isis circuit-type level-2
R1(config-if)# isis circuit-type level-2 R2(config-if)# exit
R1(config-if)# exit R2(config)# interface fei-1/1
R1(config-if)# exit R2(config)# router isis
R1(config)# interface fei-1/6 R2(config-isis)# area 00
R1(config-if)# ip address 192. 168. 102. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 R2(config-isis)# system-id 00D0. D0C7. 53E0
R1(config-if)# ip router isis R2(config-isis)# is-type level-1-2
R1(config-if)# isis circuit-type level-2
R1(config-if)# exit
R1(config)# router isis
R1(config-isis)# area 01
R1(config-isis)# system-id 00D0. D0C7. 5460 Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_0050
R1(config-isis)# is-type level-1-2
R1(config-isis)# summary-address 192. 168. 100. 0 255. 255. 252. 0
 Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas—Configuration of R3
and R4
R4(config)# interface fei-1/3
R3(config-if)# exit R4(config)# router isis
R3(config)# interface fei-1/3 R4(config-isis)# area 02
R3(config-if)# ip address 192. 168. 13. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 R4(config-isis)# system-id 00DE. FD11. AD00
R3(config-if)# ip router isis R4(config-isis)# is-type level-1
R3(config-if)# isis circuit-type level-1 R4(config-isis)# exit
R3(config-if)# exit R4(config)# ip route 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 192. 168. 13. 1
R3(config)# router isis R4(config)# router isis
R3(config-isis)# area 02 R4(config-isis)# default-information originate
R3(config-isis)# system-id EF00. AB00. DF12 R4(config-isis)# redistribute static metric 10
R3(config-isis)# is-type level-1-2 R4(config-isis)# end
P_0051
ISIS Troubleshooting
 Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas—Verification on R1
area 0
area 1 area 2
R1(config)# show isis adjacency

fei-1/3 00D0.D0C7.53E0 UP/UP L1L2 8/7 0030.3144.5566 64/64
R1(config)# show ip protocol routing

Protocol routes:
status codes: *valid, >best, i-internal, s-stale
Dest NextHop RoutePrf RouteMetric Protocol
*> 0. 0. 0. 0/0 192. 168. 15. 2 115 30 isis-l2
* 0. 0. 0. 0/0 0. 0. 0. 0 254 8 special
P_0052
area 0
area 1 area 2
R2(config)# show isis circuits
Interface State Lev CirId Level1-DR Level2-DR Pri(L1/L2)
fei-1/3 Up L2 3 Disabled Dis is me 64/64
fei-1/1 Up L2 2 Disabled Router. 01 64/64
R2(config)#show ip protocol routing

Protocol routes:
*> 0. 0. 0. 0/0 192. 168. 14. 2 115 20 isis-l2
* 0. 0. 0. 0/0 0. 0. 0. 0 254 8 special
*> 192. 168. 100. 0/22 192. 168. 15. 1 115 10 isis-l2 P_0053
area 0
area 1 area 2
System Id Type Interface IP Address State Holdtime Circuit Id
00D0. D0C7. 53E0 L2 fei-1/1 192. 168. 14. 1 UP 27 Router. 01
Router L2 fei-1/3 192. 168. 13. 2 UP 7 Router. 01
R3(config)#show ip protocol routing

Protocol routes:
*> 0. 0. 0. 0/0 192. 168. 13. 2 115 20 isis-l2
* 0. 0. 0. 0/0 0. 0. 0. 0 254 8 special
P_0054
*> 192. 168. 100. 0/22 192. 168. 14. 1 115 10
Network Div | isis-l2
02 April 2012 | P001
area 0
area 1 area 2

System Id Type Interface IP Address State Holdtime Circuit Id
Router L2 fei-1/3 192. 168. 13. 1 UP 29 Router. 01
R1# show ip forwarding route isis

P_0055
Failure Processing Flow of ISIS
1. Check whether the two ports can be pinged through;
2. Use the show running-config isis command to check whether to start the
IS-IS protocol;
3. Check whether system-id is unique. The same system-ids cannot be used
to establish the neighbor;
4. Check whether the configuration of the area is correct. When is-type is
level-1, the areas of the interconnected devices in the two ports are the
same, otherwise, level-1 neighbor cannot be established;
5. Check whether is-type is correct. is-type needs to mix with the circuit-
type, otherwise, the neighbor cannot be established;
6. Check whether IP router isis is started in the directly connected interface;
7. Check whether the circuit-type configuration in the interface is correctly
configured;
8. Check whether the authentication information and methods of the two
ends in the interface are consistent;
9. Check whether the metric-type configuration in the routing modes of the
two ends is consistent;
10. Check whether the authentication settings in the routing mode are
consistent. P_0056
ET Backbone Topology (BR,CR & IGW)
In r
eali
t
of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
som plan chiev
e or and es m
targ few o
et of h
is /
P_0057
Plane A&B Topology for BR,CR & ER
In r
eali
t
of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
som plan chiev
e or and es m
targ few o
et of h
is /
P_0058
ET IGP and EGP Routing Deployment
In r
eali
t
of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
som plan chiev
e or and es m
targ few o
et of h
is /
P_0059
ET IGP Deployment Range
 Backbone network IGP applies IS-IS protocol,
overall network is deployed in IS-IS level-2 region,
the detailed planning is as follows:
1. Enable IS-IS on all interfaces (including loopback

In r
interfaces) on BR (T8000ebut alit not the interface
o y; e
connected to GW) and f is veryorouters.
ac CR h(M6000)
hiev / he n
e so r pla e achi
me n an eves
2. Enable IS-IS on uplink interface ofor ER
v (M6000)
d fa mo
her e r y ils t st
router (interfaces connected to CRtarouter), f
rge ewenable o
t of h
IS-IS on interconnected interface between ER is /
routers and loopback interface;
P_0060
ET IGP Deployment Range…
3. IS-IS only carries routes of interconnected port of BR, CR and

ER, Loopback route and IS-IS carries user network segment
(exclusive of VPN users).
4. Downlink port of ER (M6000) router (connected to
T160G/T64G) does not run IS-IS, neither set it as Passive
In r
mode, to keep simplicity of IGP. eali
t
of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
ieve access
 For interfaces used for service her on neER
a (T160G/T64G
so m p l an chie
etc.), as they are all VRF bounding interfaces,
e or and no veneed
s m to
enable IS-IS. her very fails t ost
targ few o
 For interfaces of BR, CR and ER routers, of h
et the protocol
is /
deployment is as follows:
P_0061
ET IS-IS Enabled Interfaces
In r
eali
t
of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
ieve her ne a
som plan chiev
e or and es m
targ few o
et of h
is /
P_0062
IS-IS Data Design In ET
ISIS Relation Data Configuration

Level level-2
Area ID 88.0251
System ID Loopback interface address expansion

Metric style Wide-metric
ISIS route priority Default value applies
passive interface Enable on loopback interface
IS-IS protocol authentication MD5 authentication
P_0063
IS-IS Metric Planning in ET…
P_0064
ISIS Metric Deployed
Link Type Metric
Links between BR Planes

13000
Outside Links between BR devices 1500
Inside Links between BR devices 2000
Pre-Links between CR-BR 2000
Sec-Links between CR-BR 6000
Links between CR in different planes

11000
Links between ER-CR
500
Links between ERs
11500
Links between CR devices in Addis
1500

IS-IS Metric Links between BR Planes
BL-BR-A#show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.10
IPv4 Routing Table:
Headers: Dest: Destination, Gw: Gateway, Pri: Priority;
Codes : BROADC: Broadcast, USER-I: User-ipaddr, USER-S: User-special,
MULTIC: Multicast, USER-N: User-network, DHCP-D: DHCP-DFT,
ASBR-V: ASBR-VPN, STAT-V: Static-VRF, DHCP-S: DHCP-static,
GW-FWD: PS-BUSI, NAT64: Stateless-NAT64, LDP-A: LDP-area,
GW-UE: PS-USER, P-VRF: Per-VRF-label, TE: RSVP-TE;
Status codes: *valid, >best;
Dest Gw Interface Owner Pri Metric
*> 10.0.2.10/32 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 ISIS-L2 115 13010
router isis 0
interface xgei-0/2/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 13000
authentication encrypted GMqrkGO1h7LU3W9FKIaCGQ==
authentication-type md5
P_0066
IS-IS Metric Links between BR-CR Planes
BL-BR-A#show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.19
IPv4 Routing Table:
*> 10.0.2.19/32 10.1.0.10 xgei-0/2/0/3 ISIS-L2 115 2000
router isis 0
ip router isis
metric 2000
P_0067
$ Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Links between CR Planes
AD-CR-A#show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.24
IPv4 Routing Table:
status codes: *valid, >best
*> 10.0.2.24/32 10.1.2.2 xgei-0/0/0/2 isis_l2 115 11000
! <ISIS>
router isis
ip router isis
metric 11000
authentication level-2
! </ISIS>
P_0068
IS-IS Metric Links between CR-ER Planes
AD-CR-A# show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.67
IPv4 Routing Table:
*> 10.0.2.67/32 10.1.2.10 xgei-0/1/0/1 isis_l2 115 500
! <ISIS>
router isis
ip router isis
metric 500
! </ISIS>
P_0069
IS-IS Metric Links between ER Planes
LGH-ER-DATA-A# show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.64
IPv4 Routing Table:
*> 10.0.2.64/32 10.1.3.2 xgei-0/1/0/1 ISIS-L2 115 11510
router isis 0
ip router isis
metric 11500
P_0070
Configuration of ISIS on X-BR-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2009
is-type level-2-only
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up auto 300
fast-reroute enable
authentication-type md5 level-2
redistribute static
redistribute connected
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis
P_0071
Configuration of ISIS on X-BR-A….
ip router isis
metric 2000
.
.
.
P_0072
Configuration of ISIS on X-CR-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2019
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up 400
fast-reroute enable
redistribute static
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis P_0073
Configuration of ISIS on X-CR-A….
ip router isis
metric 2000
!
.
.
.
P_0074
Configuration of ISIS on X-ER-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2051
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up wait-for-bgp
redistribute static
redistribute ospf 2
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis
P_0075
Configuration of ISIS on X-ER-A….
ip router isis
metric 500
!
ip router isis
metric 1000
P_0076
X-BRAS ( Only Two BRAS Routers have this configuration Bole and Legahar)
interface smartgroup1.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 10.1.3.250 255.255.255.252
description to-X-ER-DATA-A-smartgroup1.20
ip router isis
isis circuit-type level-2-only
isis metric 11000
isis authentication-type MD5
isis authentication level-2
mpls ip
!
interface smartgroup2.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 10.1.3.254 255.255.255.252
description to-X-ER-DATA-B-smartgroup1.20
ip router isis
isis circuit-type level-2-only
isis metric 11000
isis authentication-type MD5
isis authentication level-2
mpls ip
P_0077
ISIS Troubleshooting commands
 show isis adjacency

 show isis adjacency level-2
 show isis adjacency up-time level-2
 show isis database level-2
 show isis topology level-2
 show ip forwarding route isis-l2
P_0078
ISIS Troubleshooting commands
X-BR-A# show isis ?

adjacency IS-IS neighbor adjacencies
circuits Circuits information
database IS-IS link state database
fast-reroute-topology IS-IS ip fast-reroute paths to
hostname IS-IS Dynamic hostname mapping
ipv6 Display isis ipv6 information
mesh-groups IS-IS mesh groups
mpls IS-IS mpls information
nsf NSF status information
topology IS-IS paths to intermediate systems
P_0079
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
X-CR-A# show isis adjacency

Process ID: 0
xgei-0/0/0/1 BL-BR-A UP L2 22 001E.739A.BB1F 64
xgei-0/0/0/2 AD-CR-B UP In L2 27 0022.9354.8160 64
xgei-0/0/1/1 BL-CR-A UP reL2
alit27 0022.9354.8140 64
UP ofL2
y8; e 0022.9354.8480 64
xgei-0/0/1/2 MW-CR-A
a hi ver
xgei-0/1/0/1 AD-ER-DATA-A UPchiev L2s /24 yon
e h 0022.9354.68A0
er p e ach 64
xgei-0/1/0/2 AD-ER-VOICE-A UP L2som l an
27 0019.C601.80A1 ieve 64
xgei-0/1/1/1 KTM-ER-DATA-A UP
e a nd
L2 26 or0022.9354.57C0 s m64
he v e r fails ost
xgei-0/1/1/2 SK-ER-DATA-A UP y
L2 23r ta0022.9354.65E0
few to 64
rge of h
t is /
smartgroup5 NE40E01.HW.AD UP L2 8 AC85.3D95.FB33 64
P_0080
X-BR-A# show isis adjacency level-2
Process ID: 0
xgei-0/2/0/1 BL-BR-B UP L2 7 001E.739A.BC60 64
xgei-0/2/0/2 BL-BR-B UP L2 7 001E.739A.BC60 64
xgei-0/2/0/3 BL-CR-A UP L2 9 0022.9354.8140 64
xgei-0/2/0/4 AD-CR-A UP L2 8 0022.9354.8200 64
pos192-0/5/0/1 DM-CR-A UP L2 28 PPP 0
pos192-0/5/0/2 JM-CR-A UP L2 21 PPP 0
pos192-0/5/0/4 NZ-CR-A UP L2 25 PPP 0
pos192-0/4/0/2 BD-BR-A UP L2 21 PPP 0
pos192-0/4/0/4 SMN-BR-A UP L2 23 PPP 0
xgei-0/3/0/1 MW-CR-A UP L2 7 0022.9354.8480 64
P_0081
X-CR-A# show isis adjacency up-time level-2

Process ID: 0
Interface System id State Lev Holds Pri Time
xgei-0/0/0/1 BL-BR-A UP L2 21 64 015:06:29:28
xgei-0/0/0/2 AD-CR-B UP L2 27 64 011:17:13:46
xgei-0/0/1/1 BL-CR-A UP InL2rea27 64 011:17:14:45
lity
xgei-0/0/1/2 MW-CR-A UP L2 of h 7 ; e64 ve
015:05:22:11
xgei-0/1/0/1 AD-ER-DATA-A aUPchie L2 is /21 r64 yon 49634:08:32:07
v e h e r e ac
xgei-0/1/0/2 AD-ER-VOICE-A UP L2 som26 64 p hie
lan 011:17:44:08
ves
xgei-0/1/1/1 KTM-ER-DATA-A UP L2 e 25or v64 and011:17:43:24
f mo
e a st
xgei-0/1/1/2 SK-ER-DATA-A UP L2 h28 arg
ils t
er t 64 ry fe 038:18:52:21
o
wo
smartgroup5 NE40E01.HW.AD. UP L2 8 64et f hi
011:17:17:28
s/
P_0082
X-BR-A# show isis database level-2
Process ID:0
IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database:
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime
BL-BR-A.00-00* 0x1cd60 0x4ba2 979 0/0/0
BL-BR-A.00-01* 0x1795b 0xb475 979 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.00-00 0x204f9 0x61ae 1091 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.00-01 0x1741d 0x4f98 1195 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.03-00 0x3ab 0x4ae2 850 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.04-00 0x12e18 0x22c1 337 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.05-00 0x12e1b 0xd569 341 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.00-00 0x3d59a 0x5055 960 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.02-00 0x12fff 0x28fc 605 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.03-00 0x13006 0x2529 631 0/0/0
MK-BR-B.00-00 0x5bacc 0x20e6 618 0/0/0
BD-BR-A.00-00 0x48cac 0xf6b2 418 0/0/0
BD-BR-A.00-01 0x38b0b 0xfbf1 418 0/0/0
BD-BR-B.00-00 0x248b7 0x33d2 712 0/0/0
P_0083
X-BR-A# show isis topology level-2
Process ID: 0
BL-BR-A --
BL-BR-B 2000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
2000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
MK-BR-A 13500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
13500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
MK-BR-B 26500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
26500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
BD-BR-A 2000 BD-BR-A pos192-0/4/0/2 PPP
BD-BR-B 10000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
10000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
DD-BR-A 5500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
5500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
DD-BR-B 3500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
3500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
SMN-BR-A 1500 SMN-BR-A pos192-0/4/0/4 PPP
SMN-BR-B 4000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
4000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
P_0084
X-BR-A# show ip forwarding route isis-l2

IPv4 Routing Table:
*> 3.3.3.0/24 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 isis_l2 115 6000
*> 10.0.0.0/24 10.1.0.10 xgei-0/2/0/3 isis_l2 115 2500
*> 10.0.1.0/24 10.1.0.10 xgei-0/2/0/3 isis_l2 115 2500
*> 10.0.2.2/32 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 isis_l2 115 2000
*> 10.0.2.10/32 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 isis_l2 115 2000
*> 10.0.2.11/32 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 isis_l2 115 13510
*> 10.0.2.12/32 10.0.6.2 xgei-0/2/0/1 isis_l2 115 26510
*> 10.0.2.13/32 10.0.6.14 pos192-0/4/0/2 isis_l2 115 2000
P_0085
THANK YOU!

ISIS Protocol Principle and Configuration

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ISIS Protocol Principle and Configuration

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ISIS Routing Protocol

Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001

 Basic Concept of ISIS

 IS-IS process builds and maintains three separate tables:

 Area Division of ISIS

 The area division of IS-IS is done on the link. The router

 Area Comparison of OSPF and ISIS

 IS-IS defines two categories of network devices:

 Hello packets Establish and maintain adjacencies.

 IS-IS routers form neighbor relationships, called adjacencies, by

 Send the Hello packets (IIH PDU) in period

 IIH interconnects with others to form adjacency among

 Three Handshakes for Establishing Neighbor

 AD-ER-DATA-A#show interface xgei-0/1/0/1

 Work Progress of ISIS

 Describes all LSPs in your LSDB (in range)

 PSNPs Exchanged on p2p links (ACKs)

 Default: default metric-Cost (necessary)

 If there are multiple routes to a destination :

 Same Points of the ISIS and the OSPF (2)

• To control the scale and complexity of LSDB , DR

DR/DIS Preemptive. No BDR. Non preemptive. Have BDR.

 Enable ISIS in the interface to send IIH

ZXR10(config-router)# is-type { level-1 | level-1-2 |

R1\R2 belongs to area 1;

ZXR10_R1(config)# router isis ZXR10_R2(config)# router isis

R1(config-isis)# show isis adjacency

R1(config-isis)#show isis topology

IS-IS paths to Level-2 routers

R2(config)#show isis adjacency

 R1 belongs to area 1; R2 belongs to area 0; R3 and R4 belong to area 2.

R1(config)# show isis adjacency

R1(config)# show ip protocol routing

R2(config)#show ip protocol routing

R3(config)#show ip protocol routing

R4(config)# show isis adjacency

R1# show ip forwarding route isis

1. Enable IS-IS on all interfaces (including loopback

3. IS-IS only carries routes of interconnected port of BR, CR and

ISIS Relation Data Configuration

System ID Loopback interface address expansion

Links between BR Planes

Inside Links between BR devices 2000

Pre-Links between CR-BR 2000

Sec-Links between CR-BR 6000

Links between CR in different planes

Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001

 show isis adjacency

X-BR-A# show isis ?

X-CR-A# show isis adjacency

X-CR-A# show isis adjacency up-time level-2

X-BR-A# show ip forwarding route isis-l2

Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001

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