LECTURE 3

METALS AND NON METALS

 OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
 INTRODUCTION

 PROPERTIES OF METALS

 PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS

 REACTION WITH WATER

 REACTION WITH ACIDS

 REACTION WITH BASES

 INTRODUCTIO
N
 A substance with high electrical conductivity, high tensile strength, are lustrous, and show property
of  malleability and ductility, which readily loses electrons to form positive ions or cations is called
as metal. For e.g., Sodium (Na), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), etc.

 Substances with low electrical conductivity, low tensile strength, are non-lustrous, non malleable,
non ductile, are brittle and which accept electrons to form negative ions or anions are called as non
metals. For e.g., Bromine (Br), Chlorine (Cl), Sulphur (S), etc.

 A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has properties in between, or that are a mixture of,
those of metals and non-metals. There are 7 metalloids present in the periodic table. For e.g., Silicon
(Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), etc.

GOLD GERMANIUM SULPHUR

 PROPERTIES OF
METALS
 MALLEABILITY: ARE MALLEABLE

 DUCTILITY: ARE DUCTILE

 CONDUCTIVITY: GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY

 LUSTRE: ARE LUSTROUS

 TENSILE STRENGTH: HIGH

 PHYSICAL STATE: GENERALLY SOLIDS

 TYPE OF IONS: CATIONS/ POSITIVE IONS

 SONORITY: ARE SONOROUS

 MELTING AND BOILING POINT : HIGH

 NATURE OF OXIDES : BASIC, AMPHOTERIC

 PROPERTIES OF NON-
METALS
 MALLEABILITY: ARE NON – MALLEABLE, ARE BRITTLE

 DUCTILITY: ARE NOT DUCTILE

 CONDUCTIVITY: BAD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY

 LUSTRE: ARE NOT LUSTROUS

 TENSILE STRENGTH: LOW

 PHYSICAL STATE: GENERALLY SOLIDS OR GASES

 TYPE OF IONS: ANIONS/ NEGATIVE IONS

 SONORITY: ARE NOT SONOROUS

 MELTING AND BOILING POINT : LOW

 NATURE OF OXIDES : ACIDIC, NEUTRAL

 EXCEPTIONS
 MALLEABILITY: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND MERCURY

 DUCTILITY: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND MERCURY

 CONDUCTIVITY: GRAPHITE BEING A NON METAL IS GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND

ELECTRICITY

 LUSTRE: IODINE SHOWS LUSTRE

 TENSILE STRENGTH: NONE

 PHYSICAL STATE: MERCURY (LIQUID METAL), BROMINE (LIQUID NON-METAL)

 TYPE OF IONS: NONE

 SONORITY: NONE

 MELTING AND BOILING POINT : GALLIUM IS A METAL HAVING MELTING POINT BELOW ROOM
TEMPERATURE
 REACTION WITH
WATER WITH COLD WATER

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

WITH STEAM

Mg(s) + H2O (g) → MgO (s) + H2(g)

WITH BOILING WATER

Mg(s) + H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2(g)

Non-metals don't usually react with water but the non-metal oxides do react with
water and they produce acids.
 REACTION WITH
ACIDS
Mg(s) + 2HCl(dil.) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Metals more reactive than magnesium, such as sodium, potassium and calcium, react

explosively with dilute hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. Less reactive metals such
as copper, silver and gold do not react with these acids.

Non-metals don't usually react with dilute acids.

 REACTION WITH
Zn(s) BASES
Na2ZnO2 (aq)
Sodium zincate

Sn(s) Na 2 SnO 2
Sodium stannite
(aq)
+ 2NaOH(aq) → + H2(g)
Al(s) NaAlO 2 (aq)
Sodium aluminate

Pb(s) NaSodium
2PbO 2 (aq)
plumbite