Computer Concepts Module 1

Computer and Internet Basics

1
 Learning Objectives (Slide 1 of 2)

• Define a personal computer and describe computer use in daily life

• Explain the four basic functions of a computer system
• Identify the main computer categories
• Describe digital devices that can be part of a personal computer

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 Learning Objectives (Slide 2 of 2)

• Define software and give examples of operating systems

• Define the Internet and explain how to navigate Web pages
• Explain ways to use the Internet and digital devices to communicate with others
• Explain how to protect your digital data and devices

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Computers in Your World (Slide 1 of 5)

Computers are a part of daily life

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 Computers in Your World (Slide 2 of 5)

• Digital revolution
• Ongoing process of social, political, and economic change
• Digital technology
• Digital devices such as computers, portable media players, mobile phones, cameras,
GPS, tablets, e-book readers and more
• Cars and household appliances
• Internet of Things
• Everyday objects can send and receive data over the Internet

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 Computers in Your World (Slide 3 of 5)

• Computer is an electronic device that:

• Accepts input
• Processes data
• Stores data
• Produces output as information
• Computer system
• Hardware (electronic and mechanical parts of computer)
• Software (computer program that tells computer how to perform tasks)
• Peripheral devices (hardware that can be added to a system)

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 Computers in Your World (Slide 4 of 5)

• Input devices:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Touch scree, etc.
• Output devices:
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers, etc.

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 Computers in Your World (Slide 5 of 5 )

• Digitization
• Process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be
processed by digital devices
• Digital convergence
• Blending several technologies into a single product

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 How Computers Work (Slide 1 of 4)

• Turn on
• May need to enter user ID and password
- Security reasons

• Computer program (program)

• Instructions telling a computer how to carry out processing tasks

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 How Computers Work (Slide 2 of 4)

• Processor/microprocessor:
• Processes data
• Central processing unit (CPU) – Main processor
• Memory:
• Temporarily holds data waiting to be processed
• Storage:
• Holds data on a permanent basis

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 How Computers Work (Slide 3 of 4)

• File:
• Named and stored collection of data
• Filename:
• Meaningful label given to file
• Storage medium:
• Hard disk
• CD or DVD
• Flash drive, etc.

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How Computers Work (Slide 4 of 4)

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 Types of Computers (Slide 1 of 4)

• Types of personal computers:

• Desktop computers
• Portable computers
- Notebook computers (sometimes called laptop computers)
- Netbooks
- Tablet computers

• Handheld computers include:

• Smartphones
• E-readers

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Types of Computers (Slide 2 of 4)

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 Types of Computers (Slide 3 of 4)

• Workstations:
• Powerful desktop computers designed for specialized tasks
• Mainframe computers:
• Large, expensive computers that can process data for thousands of users
• Supercomputers:
• Fastest computers that can handle tasks too complex for other computers

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 Types of Computers (Slide 4 of 4)

• Servers:
• Special networked computers that share/serve data to other computers
• Video game consoles:
• Currently not considered replacements to personal computers

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 Personal Computers (Slide 1 of 3)

• Basic parts of a desktop personal computer system

• System unit
• Display device – monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Storage devices:
- Hard disk drive
- USB flash drive
- Optical drives

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 Personal Computers (Slide 2 of 3)

• Basic parts of a desktop personal computer system (continued):

• Sound system
• Printer
• Web cam
• Digital media players
• Digital cameras
• Network and Internet access device
- Modem

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Personal Computers (Slide 3 of 3)

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 Computer Software (Slide 1 of 3)

• Operating system (OS):

• Master controller for all activities within a computer system
• Classified as system software
• Computer platform:
• Determines hardware and software of system
• PC platform – Windows operating system
• Mac platform – Macintosh OS
• Linux OS

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 Computer Software (Slide 2 of 3)

• Graphical user interface (GUI) – Displays on-screen graphical controls

• Application software – Programs that help perform tasks
• Apps/mobile apps – Programs that run on mobile devices
• Sharing files – Depends on system compatibility

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 Computer Software (Slide 3 of 3)

Elements of a GUI

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 The Internet and the Web (Slide 1 of 5)

• The Internet – world’s largest computer network

• Accessed via routers through an Internet Service provider (ISP) using either
wires/cables or wireless access
• Web (short for World Wide Web)
• Collection of webpages, interconnected through the use of hypertext or links
• Web browser – software to view webpages
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• Unique address for webpage

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 The Internet and the Web (Slide 2 of 5)

• Uses of the Internet:

• Communicate with others:
- Electronic mail (also called email)
- Chat group
- Instant messaging (IM)
- Internet telephony – Voice Over IP (VoIP)
- Blog
• E-commerce
• Research

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 The Internet and the Web (Slide 3 of 5)

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

• Unique address for webpage
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
• Communication standard to transmit webpages

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 The Internet and the Web (Slide 4 of 5)

• Navigating a webpage

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 The Internet and the Web (Slide 5 of 5)

• Website – Group of webpages

• Home page – Main page of website
• Search site – Provides search capabilities
• Keyword – Describes search criteria
• Search engine – Uses keywords to locate websites
• Web application (web app) – Software accessed through a browser
• Cloud Computing – Data and software stored on the web

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 How to Communicate Using Digital Devices (Slide 1 of 2)

• Email (Electronic mail)

• Email account:
• Need an email provider, such as an Internet service provider, university, Gmail,
Hotmail, etc.
• Email address – Unique identifier

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 How to Communicate Using Digital Devices (Slide 2 of 2)
• Email message parts
• Recipient’s email address (may have additional recipients)
• Message subject and body
• Optional – File attachments
• Internet Forum – website where users can post/discuss by topic/thread
• Wiki – Collaborative website allowing posted material to be edited by users
• Text messages - Typed messages sent using smartphones or other mobile
devices
• Social networking – Online activity allowing registered members to
communicate with others in the network

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 How to Protect Your Privacy, Data, and Devices (Slide 1 of 2)
• Computer vulnerabilities
• Physical Damage
• Theft and unauthorized access
• Malware and viruses
• Loss of hardware and/or data
• Computer safeguards
• Updated operating systems
• Installed anti-virus and anti-malware software
• Strong passwords
• Important data backed up
• Physically anchored/locked computers

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 How to Protect Your Privacy, Data, and Devices (Slide 2 of 2)

• Ways to protect your privacy

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