BioNanoComposite

Vikram Singh
Vikash Kumar
Sunil Kumar
Akshay Padghan
 Bio-Inspired Synthesis and
Assembly
• Biomolecules (e.g. protein and DNA) + Inorganic
nanomaterials (nanocrystals and nanowires)  Useful
Structures (Bio Nano composites).
• Copy the way nature makes materials
• 3 fields exploited by bio Nano composites – chemical
functionalities, self-assembly of biomolecules
controlling synthesis and nanomaterials.
• Synthesis also via: biomolecules/macromolecules e.g.
Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV), Tobacco
Mosaic Virus (TMV) etc…
 Advantages of Assembly

• Biochemical methods can be used to tailor

surface chemistries of biomolecular templates.
• Self assembling of biomolecules into different
patterns.
• Resulting bio nano materials may naturally
have biological components for application in
both medicine and biochemistry.
 Structure & Properties

• On integration of biomolecules and nanomaterials

three questions must be asked!!
• 1) What are nanoscale structures of bionanomaterials
and chemical nature of bioinorganic interfaces?
• 2) What new properties do bionanomaterials and
bioinorganic interfaces have?
• 3) How can bionanomaterials and bioinorganic
interfaces be converted into useful structures?
 Addressing these questions

• By Examine chemical nature of bioinorganic

interfaces  Biological, Chemical and Physical
properties.
• Chemical/Biochemical techniques – incorporating
functional bio components into bio nanomaterials
and bioinorganic interfaces to carry out a specific
task.
 Applications

• Novel Nanocomposites in artificial bone implants.

• Carbon Composites :
1) Carbon Nanotubes and
2) Buckminsterfullerine.
• Controlled electrophoretic assembly of
bioinorganic composite materials using live cells of
functionalized particles.
Nanocomposites for novel artificial
bone implants - Biomedical
• Involves nanostructured organic/inorganic
composites useful in managing load bearing bone
grafts.
• Materials developed include nanosized
hydroxyapitite along with a random copolymer
(Poly Hydroxybutrate – co – Hydroxyvalerate) also
referred to as PBHV
 Carbon Composites :
Carbon Nanotubes
• A carbon nanotube is a tube-
shaped material, made of
carbon, having a diameter
measuring on the nanometer
scale.
• Related in structure to the
fullerene.
• Formation of single layer
tubes highly uniform – CVD
(Chemical Vapour
SEM Image of CNTs
Deposition)
 CNT Application

• For Pseudo Test Tube (Nanoscale) – Internal cavity

full of biological materials.

• Measuring and recording reactions on nanoscale.

• Able to study individual enzymic reactions and

other chemical behaviour.
 Buckminsterfullerene (BMF)

• Composite of between 60 to 75 carbon atoms.

• Spherical/Ellipsoidal structures formulated with very
high stabilities.
• Method of formation – electric arc passed between
graphite rods within helium atmosphere.
• Two advantages of using Helium atmosphere :
1) Inert gas.
2) High rate of heat transfer.
 BMF Application

• Molecules attach onto external cavity of structure

forming derivatives or small molecules held in
central cavity.
• C60 Derivative discovered – inhibition both HIV-1
and HIV-2 (Aids causing human immunodeficiency
viruses).
• Derivative fits into active site of both virus
proteases – disabled function of virus.
 A Vision for the Future

• Main focus – Develop and advance nano and

biotechnologies enabling our vision for adaptive,
intelligent, shape controllable and macro-
structures to be used in advanced aircraft and
space systems.
• Controlled electrophoretic assembly of
bioinorganic composite materials via live cells of
functionalized particles – ‘Ultimate SMART
materials.’
 Summary
• Bio nanocomposites cover a broad spectrum of
disciplines namely biotechnology, nanotechnology,
information technology and biomedical technology.
• Work researchers are conducting will revolutionize
the way in which medical technology is used to
diagnose, treat and cure diseases through various
imaging and drug delivery mechanisms.
• These materials have unique properties
(chemical/physical) sensitive to changes in
nanoscale structures and morphologies.