“Malaysia

and
Vietnam” By: Group 5
 Bernadette Sanchez, Pauline Lingan, Eliza Dayag,
Shaina Ramer, Vincent Tamayao, MarkChristian
Alan
 Malaysia
CAPITAL SIZE LANGUAGE
Kuala
Lumpur, or POPULATION Malay
commonly 33.80
known as KL
Million

CLIMATE ETHNIC GROUP

Tropical Chinese,
Indians and
Malays
 Type of Government
• Parliamentary System
• Constitutional Monarchy
• Elective Monarchy
Currency
The Malaysian Ringgit is the currency unit of the Malaysian
currency with the code MYR.
Malaysia 2016 (Department of Information)
•
FOOD
Nasi Lemak - There are a few different
varieties of nasi lemak and many
variations, but the basis of the dish is rice
cooked in coconut milk, topped with spicy
sambal chili sauce. The most basic version
is just a pocket of rice topped with sambal,
perhaps a hard boiled egg on the side, and
wrapped up in a banana leaf.
• Ikan Bakar - Ikan bakar is spiced up in a
blend of chili paste, then grilled over
charcoal on top of a banana leaf over the
fire. The moist fish is then eaten with a
plate of hot rice, sometimes some side
vegetable dishes and curries, and dipped
into kecap manis for extra flavor.
 • Nasi Kandar - Nasi, as you may
already know, is rice, and a kandar is
a stick or pole used as a support to
carry things with. Nowadays, nasi
kandar basically refers to rice and
Indian style curry. You get a plate of
rice, and dish yourself things like
mutton curry, fried chicken, and some
rotis on the side.
• Roti Canai - Roti can mean
different types of fried bread
depending on where you are, and
in Malaysia a roti canai (video) is
a thin piece of dough fried in lots
of oil and served with a curry
dipping sauce
 Attractions
• Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur - The
tallest twin towers in the world, the Petronas
reach an impressive 452 meters high up into the
clouds. The towers are 88 floors tall and have an
impressive total of 76 elevators.

• Mount Kinabalu - At just over 4,000 meters

high, Mount Kinabalu is the tallest mountain in
Malaysia. The mountain is part of Kinabalu
Park, one of the oldest national parks in
Malaysia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
1. What country/countries are Southeastern Asia, partly on the Malay Peninsula south of Thailand and on the
you researching? Where is it? northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the
South China Sea, south of Vietnam. Area: 330,000 km² (127,316 sq. mi.)

2. Why would a European nation • About 50 years after the Portuguese seaman Vasco de Gama rounded Cape of
want to colonize this area? Good Hope and reached India, the Portuguese grabbed Malacca away from the
Malays after a bloody six week battle in 1511.

• The Portuguese set up a trading post in Malacca, providing a key supply station
and trading center for spices coming the East Indies and porcelain, silk and
treasures from China.

• Magellan stopped in Malacca before his historical trip around the world. The
Spanish missionary St. Francis Xavier confounded the Jesuit order and traveled
38,000 miles spreading the word of the Gospel.

• Australia marine archaeologist Michael Flecker heads a marine archaeology

consulting firm called Maritime Explorations. He has worked with Malaysia’s
Department of Museums to explore a Portuguese shipwreck in the Malacca
Straits.

3. When did this area became In 1511, Malacca fell into the hands of the Portuguese and that was the beginning of
colonized? By which countries? the colonial era in Malaya. After that, Malaya fell into the hands of the Dutch in
1641 and British in 1824 through the Anglo–Dutch Treaty.
 4. Who were the key people involved
in this movement/event?
○ The British presence in the region reflected several
patterns: direct colonial rule in the Straits Settlements,
relatively indirect control in some of the peninsula’s east-
coast sultanates, and family or corporate control in
Borneo. Regardless of the political form, however, British
rule brought profound changes, transforming the various
states socially and economically.
○ The Brookes and the North Borneo Company faced
prolonged resistance before they consolidated their
control, while occasional local revolts punctuated British
rule in Malaya as well. In Sarawak in 1857, for example,
interior Chinese gold-mining communities nearly
succeeded in toppling the intrusive James Brooke before
being crushed, while Muslim chief Mat Salleh fought
expanding British power in North Borneo from 1895 to
1900.
○ Those who resisted British annexation or policies were
portrayed by the British authorities as treacherous, reactionary
rebels; many of the same figures, however, were later hailed in
Malaysia as nationalist heroes.
○ In Malaya the Malay sultans retained their symbolic status at
the apex of an aristocratic social system, although they lost
some of their political authority and independence. British
officials believed that the rural Malay farmers needed to be
protected from economic and cultural change and that
traditional class divisions should be maintained.
○ Malaya and British North Borneo developed extractive,
plantation-based economies oriented toward the resource and
market needs of the industrializing West.
 5. What are the effects of
colonization?
• Multiculturalism

• British in Malaysia influenced Malaysian cuisine

• Revolutionized education

• Approximately 60% of Malaysians speak English

proficiently.
 6. What were the benefits and drawbacks of
colonization in the area for the colonizers?
• The British presence in the region reflected several patterns:
direct colonial rule in the Straits Settlements, relatively
indirect control in some of the peninsula’s east-coast
sultanates, and family or corporate control in Borneo.
Regardless of the political form, however, British rule
brought profound changes, transforming the various states
socially and economically. The British administration
eventually achieved peace and security. In Malaya the Malay
sultans retained their symbolic status at the apex of an
aristocratic social system, although they lost some of their
political authority and independence.
7. What were the benefits and drawbacks of colonization
in the area for the indigenous people?

• Malaysia produces vast amounts of rubber with 2017

exports accounting for almost $7 billion (RM27 billion).
• The British in Malaysia turned tin mining into a huge
industry towards the end of the 19th-century. Malaysia
quickly became the leading exporter accounting for 31% of
global production, until the tin market crashed in the 1980s.
• British in Malaysia influenced Malaysian cuisine.
 • The rise of both tin and rubber industries created a need for
better transportation to take the commodities to the port.
Railways were built in both West and East Malaysia to cater for
Malaysia’s growing exports.
• As Malaysia entered a golden age in the early 20th-century, the
increasingly prosperous Brits began to build lavish buildings.
• The Malay elite enjoyed a place in the new colonial order as
civil servants. Many Malayan and Bornean villagers, however,
were affected by colonial taxes and consequently were forced to
shift from subsistence to cash-crop farming; their economic
well-being became subject to fluctuations in world commodity
prices.
Vietnam
 Background of Vietnam
○ VietnamCapital size: Hanoi -3,359 km²Population: 98.70 millionLanguage:
Vietnamese, English, French, Chinese, Khmer and various highlander languages are
also spoken.
○ Climate: Vietnam has both a tropical climate zone and a temperate climate zone, with
all of the country experiencing the effects of the annual monsoon. Rainy seasons
correspond to monsoon circulations, which bring heavy rainfall in the north and south
from May to October, and in the central regions from September to January.Type of
Government: Communist State.
○ Currency: The Vietnamese dong. The dong is the official currency in Vietnam,
although it arrived in different times to North Vietnam and South Vietnam, before the
unification of the country.Attraction: Halong bay, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Phong Nha-
Ke Bang National Park, My Son, Hoi An, Sapa Countryside, Hanoi, Nha Trang, Cu
Chi Tunnels, Ba Be National Park, Mekong Delta, Cat Ba Island, Ha Giang, Phu Quoc
Island, Con Dao Islands, Mui Né
Currencies
What country are you researching? Where is it?

○ Vietnam. Vietnam is a long, narrow nation shaped like the letter s. It is in

Southeast Asia on the eastern edge of the peninsula known as Indochina. Its
neighbors include China to the north and Laos and Cambodia to the west.
The South China Sea lies to the east and south. The mountains of the Annam
Cordillera rise over most of the western side of Vietnam, while a thousand-
mile (1,600-kilometer) coastline dominates the east.
○ At its narrowest point, Vietnam is only 30 miles (48 kilometers) wide. Two
of Vietnam’s largest rivers, the Mekong in the south and the Red in the
north, end at the South China Sea in huge swampy plains called deltas.
These regions are home to most of the country’s people and provide fertile
ground to grow rice and many other crops.
Why would a European nation Want to colonize
This area?
The conquest of Vietnam by France
○ The decision to invade Vietnam was made by Napoleon III in July 1857. It was the result not only of
missionary propaganda but also, after 1850, of the upsurge of French capitalism, which generated the need for
overseas markets and the desire for a larger French share of the Asian territories conquered by the West. The
naval commander in East Asia, Rigault de Genouilly, long an advocate of French military action against
Vietnam, was ordered to attack the harbour and city of Tourane (Da Nang) and to turn it into a French military
base. Genouilly arrived at Tourane in August 1858 with 14 vessels and 2,500 men; the French stormed the
harbour defenses on September 1 and occupied the town a day later. Genouilly soon recognized, however, that
he could make no further progress around Tourane and decided to attack Saigon. Leaving a small garrison
behind to hold Tourane, he sailed southward in February 1859 and seized Saigon two weeks later.

○ Vietnamese resistance prevented the French from advancing beyond Saigon, and it took French troops, under
new command, until 1861 to occupy the three adjacent provinces. The Vietnamese, unable to mount effective
resistance to the invaders and their advanced weapons, concluded a peace treaty in June 1862, which ceded the
conquered territories to France. Five years later additional territories in the south were placed under French
rule. The entire colony was named Cochinchina.
○ It had taken the French slightly more than eight years to make themselves masters of Cochinchina (a
protectorate already had been imposed on Cambodia in 1863). It took them 16 more years to extend their
control over the rest of the country. They made a first attempt to enter the Red River delta in 1873, after a
French naval officer and explorer named Francis Garnier had shown, in a hazardous expedition, that the
Mekong River could not serve as a trade route into southwestern China. Garnier had some support from the
French governor of Cochinchina, but when he was killed in a battle with Chinese pirates near Hanoi, the
attempt to conquer the north collapsed.

○ Within a decade, France had returned to the challenge. In April 1882, with the blessing of Paris, the
administration at Saigon sent a force of 250 men to Hanoi under Capt. Henri Rivière. When Rivière was killed
in a skirmish, Paris moved to impose its rule by force over the entire Red River delta. In August 1883 the
Vietnamese court signed a treaty that turned northern Vietnam (named Tonkin by the French) and central
Vietnam (named Annam, based on an early Chinese name for the region) into French protectorates. Ten years
later the French annexed Laos and added it to the so-called Indochinese Union, which the French created in
1887. The union consisted of the colony of Cochinchina and the four protectorates of Annam, Tonkin,
Cambodia, and Laos.
○ Doumer’s economic and social policies also determined, for the entire period of French rule, the development
of French Indochina, as the colony became known in the 20th century. The railroads, highways, harbours,
bridges, canals, and other public works built by the French were almost all started under Doumer, whose aim
was a rapid and systematic exploitation of Indochina’s potential wealth for the benefit of France; Vietnam was
to become a source of raw materials and a market for tariff-protected goods produced by French industries.
The exploitation of natural resources for direct export was the chief purpose of all French investments, with
rice, coal, rare minerals, and later also rubber as the main products. Doumer and his successors up to the eve of
World War II were not interested in promoting industry there, the development of which was limited to the
production of goods for immediate local consumption. Among these enterprises—located chiefly in Saigon,
Hanoi, and Haiphong (the outport for Hanoi)—were breweries, distilleries, small sugar refineries, rice and
paper mills, and glass and cement factories. The greatest industrial establishment was a textile factory at Nam
Dinh, which employed more than 5,000 workers. The total number of workers employed by all industries and
mines in Vietnam was some 100,000 in 1930. Because the aim of all investments was not the systematic
economic development of the colony but the attainment of immediate high returns for investors, only a small
fraction of the profits was reinvested.
The decision to invade Vietnam was made by Napoleon III in July 1857. It was the result not only of missionary
propaganda but also, after 1850, of the upsurge of French capitalism, which generated the need for overseas markets
and the desire for a larger French share of the Asian territories conquered by the West. The naval commander in East
Asia, Rigault de Genouilly, long an advocate of French military action against Vietnam, was ordered to attack the
harbour and city of Tourane (Da Nang) and to turn it into a French military base. Genouilly arrived at Tourane in
August 1858 with 14 vessels and 2,500 men; the French stormed the harbour defenses on September 1 and occupied
the town a day later. Genouilly soon recognized, however, that he could make no further progress around Tourane and
decided to attack Saigon. Leaving a small garrison behind to hold Tourane, he sailed southward in February 1859 and
seized Saigon two weeks later.

Vietnamese resistance prevented the French from advancing beyond Saigon, and it took French troops, under new
command, until 1861 to occupy the three adjacent provinces. The Vietnamese, unable to mount effective resistance
to the invaders and their advanced weapons, concluded a peace treaty in June 1862, which ceded the conquered
territories to France. Five years later additional territories in the south were placed under French rule. The entire
colony was named Cochinchina.
Cultural impact
Colonialism also produced a physical transformation in
Vietnamese cities. Traditional local temples, pagodas, monuments
and buildings, some of which had stood for a millennium, were
declared derelict and destroyed. Buildings of French architecture
and style were erected in their place.
What were the benefits and costs of colonial rule (for the Vietnamese)?
Benefits :
○ Infrastructure – irrigation systems, public railways etc
○ Civil Administration – more structured
○ Monarchy abolished – feudal system no longer in effect
Costs: 
○ Benefits/profits from natural resources went to the French
○ Inadequate schools, school systems – low literacy rate
○ No civil liberties – need of identification papers etc
○ Deprived from participation in industry & trade
○ Redistribution of land to French settlers
○ In addition to all these costs, there is another indefinable cost of any country being
occupied by a foreign country, which can never replace the benefit of self-government.
○ Colonialism may well be in the past, but its effects are not:
indigenous peoples worldwide lost their land, resources,
connection to ancestors in burial places, and control over their
lives. This in turn broke down traditional structures,
institutions, and families
 Thank you
and
God bless! 