Chapter 12: Parts of Speech

Verbs
VERB – EXPRESSES AN ACTION OR A STATE OF
BEING (LINKING VERBS)

ACTION VERBS - TWO KINDS

PHYSICAL: MENTAL:
-JUMP -THINK
-SHOUT -WORRY
-CARRY -BELIEVE
PHYSICAL – THE BOY WAS RUNNING IN THE
HALL.
MENTAL – THE GIRL REMEMBERED THE SONG.
 State of Being Verbs/Linking Verbs:
-be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being)
-became -remain
-look -taste
-seem -feel
-appear -grew

1. Einstein became a famous scientist.

2. Wild animals remain free in Africa.
3. The watermelon looks ripe.
Verb Phrase – consists of a main verb and one or
more helping verbs

Helping verb Main verb Verb phrase

might have taken might have taken
may arrive may arrive

Note: NOT is never part of your verb phrase

1. We will be discussing this issue at a later date.

2. He would spend all his money at the arcade if his
mom would let him.
3. The newspaper has not arrived.
Subject-Verb Agreement – the subject and the verb
must agree in tense and number
*Tense – shows the time of action or state of being
Present – places the action or state of being in the present
find, make, play
Past – places the action or condition in the past found, made,
played
Future - places action or condition in the future
will find, will make, shall play

*Number – singular or plural

They write letters to each other.
The girl writes a letter to her mother
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs:
Transitive Verbs– expresses an action directed toward a person,
place, thing, or idea *they have a direct object

Direct Object: the word that receives the action of a verb. To find
the direct object, first find the verb. Then ask whom or what after it.

Maria bought six oranges.

Verb – bought
Bought what? – oranges
Therefore, the direct object – is oranges
The network cancelled the show.
Verb – cancelled
Cancelled what? – show
Therefore, the direct object – is show
Intransitive Verb – verbs that express an action or tell
something about the subject without the action
passing to a receiver *there is no direct object

The difference:
The teacher read a poem. (Transitive)
The teacher read aloud. (Intransitive)

Janet swam ten laps. (Transitive)

Janet swam well. (Intransitive)
Parts of speech
 Noun- person, place, thing, or idea
 Ex. Person: girl
 Place: school
 Thing: dog
 Idea: happy

• Prounoun- a word that takes the place of a noun

 Ex.
I me us they we
he she them her him
Parts of speech cont.
 Verb- A verb is a word that shows action or state of being. The
action may be physical or mental.
 State of being Ex. am are was
 Action Ex. run think dream

 Adverb- An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Adverbs

often end in –ly.
 Perfectly completely quickly
Parts of speech cont.
 Adjective- An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.
Adjectives tell how many, what kind, or which one.
 Ex. happy five strong this more green

 Preposition- A preposition relates a noun or pronoun to another

in the sentence.
Ex. about above beyond beside across
from with on in by
Parts of speech cont.
 Conjunction- A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of
words.
 FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions)
 for and nor but or yet so

• Interjection- An interjection is a word that expresses emotion or

strong feeling.
 Ex. Uh oh whew! WowHey Oh no
 Yuck yeah