Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To Computer: Risala Tasin Khan
To Computer: Risala Tasin Khan
To Computer: Risala Tasin Khan
to Computer
Risala Tasin Khan
Is best done by doing.
Total 100%
Other Policies and Information
Computer System.ppt
Components of Computer
Input Devices
– enable users to get
data into the computer
for processing
Computer System.ppt
Computer System Components
Microprocessor is
simply a small
processor fabricated
on a chip of silicon
Computer System.ppt
Computer System Components
Computer System.ppt
Computer System.ppt
What is a
Software?
Software – refers to any program
that tells the computer system
what to do.
Computer System.ppt
Categories of Software
System Software – programs that take control of the PC on start-up, and then
play a central role in everything that happens within a computer system by
managing, maintaining, and controlling computer resources.
Application Software – designed and created to perform specific personal,
business, scientific processing tasks.
Computer System.ppt
System Software
Computer System.ppt
PC Platforms
Word Processing
– a text editing program, which allows the user to
type, compose and correct manuscripts without
the need to re-type, when errors changed.
Computer System.ppt
Application Software
Computer System.ppt
Application
Software
Electronic Spreadsheet
– is a program replacing the
traditional financial modeling
tools that offer modern
improvements in ease of
creating, editing, and using of
financial models and graphical
representations.
Computer System.ppt
Application Software
Computer System.ppt
HUmanware
A programmer:
A programmer requires a comprehensive knowledge of programming
languages.
This position doesn’t require the broader understanding of the
structure and inner working of an application.
A Computer Operator:
A computer operator is an individual who generally performs a series of
well-defined tasks to keep computer operating at maximum efficiency.
The efficiency of a computer installation depends on the quality and
ability of the operational staff.
Characteristics of Computers
Characteristics:
These computers were based on vacuum tube technology
These were the fastest computing devices of their time
These computers were very large, and require a lot of space for installation
Since thousand of vacuum tubes were used, they generated a large amount of heat. Therefore
ac was essential
Non-portable and very slow equipments
They were very expensive to operate and used a large amount of electricity
Unreliable and prone to frequent h/w failure
Machine language was used.These computers were difficult to program and use
Example:
ENIAC, EDVAC and UNIVAC
First generation ALU module
Second Generation (1956-63)
Characteristics:
These machine were based on transistor technology
These were smaller as compared to first generation computers
The computational time of these computers was reduced to microseconds to milliseconds
More reliable and less prone to h/w failure
More portable and generated less amount of heat
Assembly language was used to program computers. Hence, programming became more
time-efficient and less cumbersome
Still required air conditioning
Example:
PDP-8, IBM 1401 and IBM 7090
The first Transistor
1024 bit
(128 bytes)
2 S
Characteristics:
These computers were based on integrated circuit (IC) technology.
Easily portable and more reliable than the second generation
Able to reduced computational time from microsecond to nanoseconds
These devices consumed less power and generate less heat.
Size of these computers were smaller as compared to previous computers.
Since h/w rarely failed, the maintenance cost was quite low
Extensive use of high level languages became possible
Commercial production became easier and cheaper.
Manual assembling of individual components was not required, so it reduced the large requirement of
labor and cost
Example:
NCR 395 and B6500
Fourth Generation (Early 1970s-till date)
Characteristics:
Fourth generation computers are microprocessor based systems
These computers are very small
Fourth generation computers are cheapest among all the other generations
They are portable and quite reliable
Generates negligible amount of heat, they do not require ac
H/w failure is negligible, so minimum maintenance is required
Production cost is very low
GUI and pointing devices enable users to learn to use the computer quickly
Interconnection of computers leads to better communication and resource sharing
Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): AI
Minicomputer:
These are minimized computers.
In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and
mainframes.
Minicomputers are multiprocessing system capable of supporting
many users simultaneously.
Medium and small businesses typically use these computers.
Cont…
Microcomputers:
These are the most common type of computers used today..
The term “microcomputer” was introduced with the advent of single chip
microprocessors.
Microcomputer includes:
Desktop computer
Game console
Note-book computer.
Tablet computer.
Smart phone
Programmable calculator.
Cont…
Supercomputer:
These are the fastest type of computers.
They are very expensive and are employed for specialized
applications that require immense amount of mathematical
calculations. For example: weather forecasting requires super
computers.
The main difference between super computer and mainframe
computer is that a super computer channels all its power into
executing a few programs as fast as possible whereas a mainframe
computer uses its power to execute many programs concurrently.
Range of Computer
Applications
Computer Applications
Scientific
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
E-commerce
Business
Educational
Industrial
National level Weather forecasting
Remote sensing
Planning
Multi lingual application
Scientific Application
A large body of computer applications serve the scientist. Scientists use complex
mathematical relationships and volumes of data, impossible to manage without
the aid of computers
Computers are used to perform scientific calculations, often to support military
objectives
Areas of study like DNA, nano – medicine and remedies of deadly diseases are
completely dependent on use of the use of computers.
Scientists use computers to simulate their projects.
Computers are used to analyze the effect of flood, earthquake or fire on a
particular building.
Computers are also helpful in the study of oceans and space. They are used in
development of new products and modification of existing products.
Word Processing Application
A Spread sheet is a software tool for entering, calculating, manipulating and analyzing the
sets of different data elements.
A spread sheet contains worksheets having rows and columns. The intersection of a row
and a column is called as a cell. Data is entered in the cells and each cell has a different
name.
Microsoft Excel is a common spreadsheet tool.
A spreadsheet software offers a vast set of commands and tools to perform calculations
on data as per the formulae written by users.
Some of the most helpful features are automatic recalculation, cell formatting, sorting
and filtering data etc.
Spreadsheet software allow users to represent data in graphical manner.
Spreadsheets are very popular in managing data of stores, schools, households, hospitals
etc and their demand is increasing day by day.
E-Commerce
Businesses are the largest customers of the computer industry. Every type of
business involves transactions with suppliers, employees and customers.
People take orders through internet and make payments online. The
computers are actively involved in such business.
The computers with sophisticated softwares help business units from
designing, advertising and selling products.
Managers can effectively record, plan and present business information
through computers.
Computers help businessmen in creating budget plans, account management,
inventory control etc.
Educational
The field of education is touching new horizons with the help of computers.
Computers are helpful to both the teacher and the students.
There is no need of carrying huge books to have information from them as books are
available in the form of CDs and students can read them on computers.
Internet is an ocean of information and you can take any kind of information from it.
Students are using computers for creating their projects and reports.
With pictures and animations, the study of subject becomes very interactive and
understandable, so students learn very effectively and quickly.
Teachers can use multimedia aids of audio, video and animations to illustrate the
complicated parts of lecture.
Various interactive tutorial CDs are also available which are designed for self learning.
Industrial