ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES
Name: HARSH SINGH
B.com (Hons.)
Section: B
Semester: 2
Enrollment No: A7004620112
Submitted to: Dr. Himanshu Rastogi sir
CONTENTS

 Project 1- Visit a polluted area and study the

problems faced by the people of that area because
of the pollution.

 Project 2- Why are the plants and animals getting

extinct.
PROJECT-1

TOPIC: VISIT A
POLLUTED AREA
AND STUDY THE
PROBLEMS
FACED BY THE
PEOPLE OF THAT
AREA BECAUSE
OF THE
POLLUTION.
What do you mean by pollution?

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the
form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or
light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either
foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring
contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or
nonpoint source pollution. In 2020, pollution killed 1,60,000
people worldwide.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is a mixture of solid
particles and gases in the air. Car
emissions, chemicals from factories,
dust, pollen and mold spores may be
suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is
a major part of air pollution in cities.
THERMAL
POLLUTION
Thermal pollution is defined as a sudden
increase or decrease in temperature of a
natural body of water, which may be ocean,
lake, river or pond by human influence.
 TYPES OF POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution occurs when harmful
substances, often chemicals or
microorganisms, contaminate a stream,
river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body
of water, degrading water quality and
rendering it toxic to humans or the
environment.
RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION
The radioactive pollution is defined as the
physical pollution of living organisms and
their environment as a result of release of
radioactive substances into the environment
during nuclear explosions and testing of
nuclear weapons, nuclear weapon production
and decommissioning and mining of
radioactive ores.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
Land pollution refers to the
deterioration of the earth's land
surfaces, at and below ground level.
The cause is the accumulation of
solid and liquid waste materials that
contaminate groundwater and soil.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution is generally defined as
regular exposure to elevated sound levels
that may lead to adverse effects in humans
or other living organisms. According to
the World Health Organization, sound
levels less than 70 dB are not damaging to
living organisms, regardless of how long
or consistent the exposure is.
 Description of the polluted site
I am a resident of the city Lucknow, the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
The polluted site that I came across was a park in Bheem-Nagar, near Yahiyaganj, Lucknow
that was initially meant to be a well developed park where the children of the nearby locality
could play and the elder people could take a walk. But as it is clearly visible in the picture
that the park is not suitable even to stand for a fraction of minutes so how can we expect the
children and the elderly to spend their time in such a unhygienic and dirty place. There is also
a long man-made stretch of water(canal) alongside the park which was so contaminated that
the stink made of difficult to stand near the area.
Problems faced by the residents
 The park was contaminated by a large number of plastic
bags and also the leftover foods, peel offs of vegetables and
water materials from the houses adjacent to the park. One
of the household described that there were some people
around who though being educated and even after
continuous reminders from the neighbors, they continued
dumping their wastes in the park. The plastic bags and the
leftovers dumped by the people mix with the dust in the
park which in afterward eaten by the cows usually grazing
there.
Problems faced by the residents

 The residents of the area said that some of them had

informed the area council and requested them to get the
park cleaned. But there was not much action taken by those
people, also one of the said that even though the authorities
get it cleaned that would not be of much use because in the
end it is the responsibility of the residents of the area to
maintain the cleanliness. With the people having the habit
of dumping their wastes and leftovers in the park the
environment will always be at a loss. Another complaint
that the residents had was due to increase in the height of
the bushes of the park they had to face the problem of
mosquitoes and other kinds of insects.
Solutions to their problems and Suggestions

A very simple solution to their problems was that the council

should get the park cleaned and the grass cut, also there should
be proper and permanent gate to the park which would prevent
the entry of animals into the park. Another important step is
that the council should make a very clear announcement that
anyone who dumps plastic bags or leftovers in the park will be
penalized with a good sum of money so that they can change
their habit of dumping waste in the open.
Participants of the Survey

 Skandini Singh : 7905894159

 Santosh Singh : 7272021535
 Uma Shankar Singh : 9452843959
 Ram kishan Singh : 8574730017
CONLUSION
Although the whole world is suffering from a big pandemic i.e. COVID- 19
but apart from it there is much big problem in the whole world i.e.
pollution which is big threat to human being, and it urgently requires strict
action to be taken which are follows-
 Using public transports
 Turning off the lights when not in use
 Recycle and reuse
 No to plastic bags
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking
 Use filters for chimneys
 Avoid usage of crackers
 Avoid using of products with chemicals
 Implement afforestation
 Project -2

TOPIC – WHY ARE BIRDS AND

ANIMALS GETTING EXTINCT?
MEANING OF EXTINCTION

Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a

group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of
extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last
individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and
recover may have been lost before this point.
Extinction of a particular animal or plant species occurs when
there are no more individuals of that species alive anywhere in
the world - the species has died out. This is a natural part of
evolution. But sometimes extinctions happen at a much faster
rate than usual.
CAUSES OF BIRD EXTINCTION
Bird species go extinct for a wide range of
reasons, including:
 Habitat loss through development, natural
disasters, climate change, etc.
 Food loss through competition from other
species or loss of food sources.
 Hunting and poaching, as well as invasive
predators and egg collecting.
CAUSES OF ANIMAL EXTINCTION

In general terms, animal species become extinct for the

following reasons:
 Demographic and genetic phenomena. First of all,
species with small populations face a greater risk of
extinction.
 Destruction of wild habitats.
 Introduction of invasive species.
 Climate change.
 Hunting and illegal trafficking.
 FEW EXTINCT BIRD SPECIES
Here are a few bird species that went extinct in the last 10 years-
 The Spix Macaw
 The Brazilian cryptic tree hunter
 The Brazilian alagoas foliage-gleaner
 The Hawaiian black-faced honeycreeper
 Forster’s reed-warbler
 Bermuda saw-whet owl
 Rodrigues blue-Pigeon
 Bermuda Hawk
 Finsch’s duck
 Oceanic parrot
 Marianne white-eye
 FEW EXTINCT ANIMAL SPECIES

Here are a few bird species that went extinct in the last 10 years-
 Sumatran rhino
 Japanese river otter
 Indian Cheetah
 Indo-Chinese tiger
 Pinta giant tortoise
 Yangtze river dolphin
 Pyrenean Ibex
 Western black rhino
 Caspian tiger
 Formosan Clouded Leopard
 Caribbean Monk Seal
 Madagascar Hippopotamus
How to protect wildlife from extinction?

Few steps that we as citizens can and should take to protect the endangered species from
getting extinct-
 Know what species in your area are endangered.
 Volunteer your time to protect wildlife in your area.
 Make certain that your home is not a hazard to wildlife.
 Plant native flora.
 Donate to organizations that are working to help endangered species.
 Join a conservation organization.
 Do not purchase illegal products that come from endangered species.
 Support zoos and other wildlife parks.
 Get active and spread the word.
Steps taken by Indian Government for
Wildlife Conservation
 To survey and collect all the information about wildlife, especially, their
number and growth.
 To protect habitat by protecting forests.
 To delimit the areas of their natural habitat.
 To protect wildlife from pollution and from natural hazards.
 To impose complete restriction on hunting and capturing wildlife.
 To impose restrictions on export and import of wildlife products and
severe punishment to be given to those who indulge in this activity.
 To develop game sanctuaries for specific wild animals or for general
wildlife.
The Wildlife Protection Act,1972

The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an Act of the

Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and
animal species. Before 1972, India had only five designated
national parks. Among other reforms, the Act established
schedules of protected plant and animal species; hunting or
harvesting these species was largely outlawed. The Act
provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and
plants; and for matters connected there with or ancillary or
incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India.
 THANK YOU …
• DON’T ACT BLINDLY, TREAT
ANIMALS KINDLY!

• NO, EXCUSES FOR ANIMAL

ABUSE!

• JOIN HANDS TO STOP ANIMAL

ABUSE.

• SAVE THE SPECIES!