I. Jerusalem, Holy City of Three Religions

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I. Jerusalem, holy city of three religions.


A. A Holy place for Judaism
(1000-600 BC)

5
The Wailing Wall
Western Wall of the Herod Temple
destroyed in 70 CE
B. Christianity’s holy city
Dies in Jerusalem…

Jesus born in Palestine…

10
The new religion
spreads across the
Roman Empire and
beyond… BUT PALESTINE,
REMAINS THE HOLY
LAND..

AND
JERUSALEM
THE HOLY
CITY…

11
In 325 CE, Helena, Empress of Constantinople
found the True Cross. (archeological researches)

1495, Painting of Helena and the Cross


By Cima de Conegliano
… Building of the Church of Holy Sepulchure
Planche p. 109
Guy Delisle, Chroniques de
Jérusalem, 2011
C. The third holy city of Islam
Islam is born, and grows…

622: the HIJRAT . Muhammad is moving on…

* With his successors , Islam emerges as


religious and political power

638 : fall of Jerusalem to the Arabs

17
The Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa mosque
Enluminure, page de psautier, vers
1200, La Haye, Koninklijke
Bibliotheek (KB, 76 F 5)
Enluminure, page de psautier, vers 1200, La Haye, Koninklijke Bibliotheek
(KB, 76 F 5)
II. Jerusalem : the heart of the Israeli-
Palestinian conflict

A. The situation after Israel’s creation


(1948)
Source : Questions internationales n°28, La
Documentation française, 2007
Jerusalem and the Old Town
The green ligne, proposition of the UN
Planche p. 13
Guy Delisle, Chroniques de
Jérusalem, 2011
Jerusalem and the Old Town
The green ligne, proposition of the UN

Territories occupied by Israel in 1967


Source : Questions internationales n°28, La Documentation française, 2007
Source : Questions internationales
n°28, La Documentation
française, 2007
Jerusalem and the Old Town
The green ligne, proposition of the UN

Territories occupied by Israel in 1967


Israel’s colonies
B. Nowadays situation for the three
Carte tirée de Frédéric Encel,
Géopolitique de Jérusalem, Paris, 2008,
p. XI.
Carte tirée de Frédéric Encel, Géopolitique de Jérusalem, Paris, 2008, p. XI.
Source : Frédéric Encel, Atlas géopolitique d’Israël,
Autrement, 2012
City of Jerusalem The Old Town
The Old Town with the Esplanade of the Mosques
The Old Town with Esplanade of Mosques and the other different qurters
of the town.
The Old Town with Esplanade of Mosques and the other different qurters
of the town and the most important religious monuments

Muslim
district
Christian
quarter

Jewish
Armenian quarter
district

Dome of the Rock Saint


(Islam) Sepulchure
(Christianity)
Wailing Wall (Judaism)
III. Jerusalem nowadays’
challenges.

A. Israel claims on Jerusalem


Capture d’écran du site officiel des Jeux Olympiques de Londres 2012,
réalisée en mai 2012
Il n’est pas étonnant que cette nouvelle, Jérusalem, capitale
palestinienne, n’ait pas été du goût de l’Etat israélien. Les
israéliens se sont empressés de faire entendre leur
mécontentement, d’autant plus que rien n’était mentionné
dans la case « capitale » israélienne. Le comité des Jeux
Olympiques israélien a exprimé son indignation en ajoutant
que la Palestine n’avait même pas le statut d’un Etat
souverain.
Après diverses plaintes, les responsables du site web des JO
de Londres ont affirmé qu’il s’agissait d’une erreur, qui a été
par la suite rectifiée. La case capitale a même été
supprimée. Certains israéliens accusent cette erreur d’avoir
été préméditée, et donc d’être un acte de militantisme pro-
palestinien. Palestine, un Etat, Jérusalem comme capitale :
deux nouvelles qui n’avaient pas réjoui les israéliens. 

Extrait d’un article publié le 4 mai 2012 par Oum Michket et


tiré du site ajib.fr (média financé par une banque
jordanienne)
Source : Frédéric Encel, Atlas géopolitique d’Israël,
Autrement, 2012
implantations
israéliennes
Colonies ou
Source : Frédéric Encel, Atlas géopolitique d’Israël,
Autrement, Paris, 2012
B. A cultural heritage being held hostage
Source : Frédéric Encel, Atlas géopolitique d’Israël,
Autrement, 2012
1775, the Hurva
Projets presented by Louis Kahn pour la Hurva
Picture of the Hurva, 2008
Criticat n°5
Picture taken in front of the Hurva during its inauguration 2010
C. Protecting Jerusalem
The World Heritage Committee,

5.  Affirming the importance of maintaining the integrity and authenticity in the Old City of
Jerusalem and its Walls on both sides,

6.  Affirms the necessity of cooperation to facilitate access to the Old City of Jerusalem and its
Walls, including heritage sites therein, in the context of the UNESCO Conventions for the protection
of the cultural heritage, and recognizes the concerns expressed regarding the restricting obstacles
imposed by the Israeli authorities on the freedom of access;

9. Regrets the Israeli refusal to comply with the World Heritage Centre and UNESCO decisions and
requests Israel to timely cooperate and facilitate the implementation of the World Heritage
Committee Decision

10.  Also regrets the persistence of the Israeli archaeological excavations and works in the Old City
of Jerusalem and on both sides of its Walls, and the failure of Israel to provide the World Heritage
Centre with adequate and comprehensive information about its archeological activities thereon,
and asks the Israeli authorities to cease such excavations and works in conformity with the UNESCO
Conventions for the protection of cultural heritage;

15. Decides to retain the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls on the List of World Heritage in
Danger.

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls (2012)


Elaboration of the Action Plan for the Safeguarding of the Cultural Heritage of the Old City
of Jerusalem; February-March 2007: special World Heritage Centre, mission sent by the
Director-General of UNESCO.
1 dunum = 900 m2

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