Introduction of Choke

A coil of copper
woundwire on laminated
iron core has
resistanc is known
negligible
choke
e as
 coil.
When ac voltage
applied
an to isthe purely
inductive coil, an emf
known as self-induced emf
is induced in the coil due to
self-inductance of the coil
which opposes the applied
voltage.
 In the case of tube light, the
sudden stop of current through
the choke produces voltage of
several hundreds volts (approx.
900 to 1000V) across it, because
of self inductance of coil.

 The high voltage starts flow of

electrons from one filament to
the other through the gas filled
inside the tube.
Design Procedure of choke(No air-
gap)
 The Design Procedure of choke coil is similar to the single phase small
transformer design.
 Similar terms are use in this case also.
 The only different is that , it has only one winding support on the
iron
core. VI
 Therefore, the Turns per volt is found on the basis of ½2output VA this
means if voltage V is applied across choke and I current through the
choke, then is taken to find Te from the reference table.
 Steps in designing the choke
VI = VA = Q
,find T for this value from the table.

2 2 e
2

 EMF equation E = 4.44Φmf

 N
Bmis given. If not take B m= 1Wb/m 2

Ai  m
.
B m


 Stacking factor Ks=0.9 is

assumed
 Square section is used. Width of central limb A = Ag
 For winding, Turns T=V x Te
 Area of the conductor wire =I/δ δ is given = 2.5A/mm2
 From this area (a) = π/4 d2
 From above equation find d.
 Refer standard conductor size table and find the matching size d of conductor and
with insertion diameter d1
T 2
 d 

Space in window for winding a Sf = Sf  0.8
 d1
and
 Increase the space area by 20% to accommodate former
 insulation, packing etc.
T
 The total area required = 1.2
a Sf
2
Design of variable air-gap single phase and 3
phase choke coil
 In this section we have
study design procedure
of choke operating on (I)
single phase (II)Three
phase with adjustable air-
gap between limbs of
iron core.
Constructio
n
 Iron of one part
core rotating
variable
and by is fixed. whee
one part
 Copper coils withl
N/ 2 turns.
 Rotating wheel to adjust air-
gap.
 Reluctance is the opposition to the magnetic flux (Φ).
 Reluctance of air gap is very high as compared with reluctance of iron
material.
 To produce the same flux more ampere turns (NI) i.e. m.m.f is required
in air compared with ampere turns for iron parts.
 Generally for the choke coil made copper material R<< L and R
is neglected.
 In circuit
R= Resistance of coil
L= Inductance of
coil
N=Number of turns
of coil
V=voltage
According with
to basic di
frequency f V  iR  L dt and L  N d
equation, dt
v  iR  dtN

dt
Step in Designing a Variable choke
A. For Magnetic part
B. For Electric part
C. Mechanical dimension
D. To find R,L,Z of the coil
For Magnetic
part
1. To find constant k
K  Bg.Ai 
 0VphIph
2fLg

where µ0=Permeability
f= frequency
Vph=phase
voltage in
r.m.s
Iph=phase
voltage
2. Knowing the
relation
Bg 2 .Ai  K

K
A i  Bg 2

K
Ai 
Bg
3. Assume staking factor
Ks=0.9
Ai
Ks  Agi 
0.9
Ai Ai
Agi   ;
Agi  Ai Ks 0.9
4. AT is Amp.Turns (m.m.f) for the air gap
lg. Bg.lg (l is total length of each air
ATg   g
0
ifgap)
lg’ is the length of each air
then l g= 2 l g’ gap

and lg= 1.5 lgfor single

’ for phase choke
3 phase
values
AT required for iron part = ATi
ATi << ATg
ATi = 10 to 20 % of ATg
so that ATtotal= ATi + ATg
For Electric
part
1. Number of Turn per coil
= AT/I where I= current

There are 2 coil of N/2 turns for single phase variable choke

There are 3 coil each of N turns for a 3-phase variable
choke.
thus number of turns for the coil are decided.
2. Current density (δ)
Generally enameled copper conductors areused forthe
choke winding.
δ=2.3 to 2.5 Amp/mm2
for single phase choke current is I
for 3-phase choke current is taken i.e. Iph
3. To find diameter (d) of bare conductor
C.S. area of bare
conductor  2
a= 4d
4.a
d
Henc 
e
4. Use of standard size conductor tables
From these table exact or nearest size of conductor is selected.
(d and a )
d’ = diameter of insulated
conductor So, area of insulated conductor
 2
a’ = 4 d1 mm2
Mechanical dimension
1. Window size
2
average value of space factor sf=0.8  d 
 d1 
sf= active area/gross area
N
2   a'
these is for single phase
2 Aw'
chokephase choke
Window area for single N  a'
Aw'  sf

Window area for 3-phase 2N

Aw ' 
choke a'
sf
2. Depth df and height hf of coil to be
accommodated in the window space.
hf =actual height of coil
hf’ =available height
df =actual depth of coil
df’ =depth of coil
Window area
AAww=H2wW. Ww 2 w Aw
Ww 
2
 Some clearance on both side 10+10=20mm be
kept for formar etc. as shown in the figure.
 Available height for winding hf’=Hw-20mm
hf
 Height wise turns per larger Nh = '
d
1

N
 Depth wise turns per layer Nd= Nh

 Actual depth of coil, df=df’+5mm

 Actual height of coil, hf = hf’+
3. To find and distance between the two coils in the
window (dc) and overall dimension.
dc=Ww-2df

Distance (D) betweAen Aof two

Ww  
lines. D = 2
2
D = Ww + A
Total width = D+A
=
To find R,L,Z of the coil

l
• R  a
wher =Resistivity of copper = 1.73 x 10-
e 8 a=C.S area of conductor
•
Impedance of coil with maximum air-gap Vph
Z Iph 

• Reactance XL of coil = Z 
2 R 2
Ω
AND XL = 2πfL
Xl
Ω L= 2f Henry
Choke main dimensions

Single phase variable choke 3-phase variable choke

Thank You….