HISTORY OF

EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Visioning, Not easy
Mindset in Planning
Approaches in Planning

MARIA ESTELITA N. BIEN

Discussant
VISIONING, NOT EASY
 Ernesto Franco cautions, developing a vision for a
university or school is not easy. It is mainly a
creative function, usually formulated by a very
senior and very experienced school officer(either)
current or retired.
 Visions may fail to generate excitement or
commitment from
the academic community when it is done by a small
group without teacher/student participation. Or when it
is unclear or too politicized (as did many government
universities and development academies in the 1970’s
when the late Ferdinand Marcos was brandishing his
New Society Ideology).
Franco reminds us that we often see and hear
Filipino experts focus on Maslow’s hierarchy
of values as being automatically applied to
the Filipino situation. We know that this is not
the actuality.
MINDSETS IN
PLANNING
 In a CESO workshop, Agapito Luayon
emphasized the need to understand the
mindsets that go into the planning process. By
mindsets, he explains “we mean the particular
and cultural way by which decision-makers
look at their planning process and the size and
scope of their activities.
 MODES of MINDSETS
1. To view one’s educational institutions as a very
simple model, where like the machine of a
broken car, the planner just fixes one defective
car without affecting the other parts of the
machine.
2. When the planner looks at his institution as a
middle-institution with one foot in the
modern sector, and the other foot still in the
conservative sector.
3.The open system, which are trying to copy from
American models of American system.

4. There is the planner who thinks tri-dimensional,

looking at the school as a complex system.
PLANNING APPROACHES
  Melvyn Viray, suggests that
these kinds of mind-sets influence
the style and scope o planning
applied by these decision-makers on
their
respective schools.
  Those
who look at her
institutions as simple schools,
plan simply to satisfy such simple
needs, focusing on the money
aspects of planning, and treat the
budget as the planning document.
.
  Those that look at their institutions as in-
between the modern and conservative stages of
development-do both simple satisfying planning
and some attempts in optimizing the cash
components of the school, such as in tuition
increases or “charging development” for entry to
exclusive religious institutions.
.
  Those planners who see
institutions as open systems try
to use optimal planning methods
– trying statistics-based on
planning and forecasts, and
figuring out how to make the best
use of available resources and
manpower.
 Those who opt for complex systems approaches are huge
operations characterized by resorting to alternative
planning models, statistics-based policy decisions,
decentralized authorities to deans and heads of
departments, computer systems, high-skilled
management, academic leadership at the national level,
and strong linkages with the labor market
as well as international academic connections.
Thank You!!!