HOLLOW BLOCKS USING INDUSTRIAL WASTES

GUIDED BY,
Asst Prof MATHAN KUMAR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NICHE

PROJECT MEMBERS
SACHIN K
NIHAL TH
SHIYAS MON S
ANANDHU S BINU
 INTRODUCTION
 Bricks and stones are the basic building element of almost all the Civil Engineering
buildings. Conventional natural building materials like laterite stones and clay for bricks are
depleting very fast leading to increase in their cost. Hence for sustainable development,
alternative cost effective bricks should be developed. Cement hollow bricks are
commercially available in the market which tries to replace the laterite stones.

 The construction cost has reached a very peak value due to the high demand and
unavailability of natural materials. This can be solved only by replacement of concrete with
some other different materials without compromising with the strength parameters.

 Due to the limitation of unavailability of various constituent materials that plays a vital role
in the concrete, we have a choice of replacement of these materials by waste materials.
 AIM
• To develop an eco-friendly and sustainable hollow block of size 15cm x
20cm x 20cm by utilising industrially available byproducts.
• And to assess the properties of GGBS in the manufacturing of hollow
bricks

OBJECTIVES
• The main objective of our project is to utilize the industrial waste as an
alternative material for cement, so that we might be
• 7
• able to reduce the environmental impact caused by cement production.
• 1. To evaluate the properties of GGBS in the manufacture of concrete hollow
block.
• 2. To develop an eco-friendly Hollow block using GGBS incorporated concrete.
• 3. To develop sustainable hollow block by reducing cement production.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

SL. Paper Name Year Author Conclusion

No
“Experimental Study on
Roopa Bhargavi.P Strength and Durability
1 International Journal of Science 2016 and Bhanu Properties of Steel Fibers &
and Research Pravallika.S Glass Fibers using GGBS
based Concrete,”

Santosh Kumar “Strength and Durability

2 SSRG International Journal of Civil 2015 Karri, G.V.Rama Rao Studies on GGBS
Engineering and P.Markandeya Concrete,”
Raju,
 METHODOLOGY
 The production process consist of four basic processes : Mixing, Molding, Curing and Cubing

COLLECTION OF LITERATURE

STUDY OF LITERATURE

IDENTIFIES TO GAP

SELECTION OF MATERIAL

TESTING OF MATERIALS

TEST OF CONCREATE WITH AND

WITHOUT GGBS AND GLASS FIBER

ANALYSICS OF RESULT
 METHODOLOGY
• Mixing : • Moulding:
a) Mix sand and GGBS a) Freshly prepared concrete
b) MIX properly until uniform is filled into the mould
mixture is obtained b) Add petroleum jelly
c) Add small amount of c) Mould is allowed to dry
admixture in water for 24 hours

• Curing • Cubing

a) Hardened hollow blocks are a) The blocks is allowed to

cured in curing yard dry in shade
b) Immerse them in water
c) longer curing time make the b) They are allowed to dry
product better for 7-15 day
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND TEST
RESULT FROM PREVIOUS STUDY

 Plain concrete has low strength at tension and low strain at crack. To overcome
this problem Fiber reinforcing concrete is used which consists of aggregates;
cement and addition to fibers are added. Glass fiber products have excellent heat
capacity.

 The experimental study on M25 grade concrete to evaluate the effects on strength
properties with replacement of GGBS by addition to steel and glass fibers in
different percentages show that the strength increases with increase of fiber
content.
 TESTS AND RESULTS OF THE ABOVE STUDY
 Workability Test
Concrete is tested for slump is very important. The slump values for M30 and M40 grades are displayed
in the in Table I

Table I: Slump values for M30 and M40 grade concrete with and without GGBS and Glass fiber M40

Grade of concrete GGBS (%) GGBS (%) Slump (mm) Compaction factor

M30 0 0 75 0.8
M40 0 0 65 0.85
M30 60 0.4 52 0.86
M40 60 0.4 50 0.89
 Compressive Testing
The compressive testing machine is of capacity 2000kN and the compressive test for
the specimens is done. Each gradation has 3 cubes. After testing the each gradation of
cube the mean strength value is taken
fck = P/A
Where, fck = Compressive strength (N/mm2 P= Failure load at ultimate point (kN) 11
 Split tensile test
The test is conducted in Compressive testing machine under the load capable of
2000kN.Cylinder are placed in the lateral direction under the two plates and load is
applied manually.
 Ductility of concrete
Ductility test was performed on cylinders under Universal testing machine by attaching a dial gauge to the
upper plate to find out the stress-strain curves.The concrete ductility nature is seen through stress-strain
curveupper plate to find out the stress-strain curves.The concrete ductility nature is seen through stress-
strain curve
 Flexural strength
The beam specimen of dimensions (2200 150 300) mm is reinforced by 3 12mm steel bars at tension and by 2
10mm steel bars at compression are considered. The specimens are tested by placing the specimen in the
loading frame with supports of one end is fixed and other end is roller.
 Durability
The durability of concrete was studied by using H2SO4 and MgSo4 solutions. M30
and M40 grade cubes are casted for 5% of MgSo4 and 5% of H2SO4 concentration
for 30 days curing. The leaching effect is less in GGBS concrete.
 CONCLUSION

Today we live in a world of development and are enthusiastic for more comfort
and facilities. This has lead to several innovations and revolutions in each and
every field but on contrary it has got a long list of negative impact on
environment, as resources get depleted and natural resources turn polluted.
So after studying, all we can conclude that, if reduce or reuse some of the
materials in field of concrete production which is at its peak nowadays, then it
will largely affect environment and leads to pollution-free and largely soothing
surrounding. Thus it’s achieved by replacing cement, sand and aggregate upto
it’s most optimum level by reusing or introducing waste materials as its option
from all the studies, it is clear that positive and favorable results are obtained
if locally available wastes like GGBS, copper, slag etc… are used for
manufacturing of hollow blocks.