Building Automation and

Energy Management
Intelligent Building System

Anugraha Krishnan | Roll No. 2 | Sem 3 | M.Arch | Messoa

 Content
Project analysis slide 2
Introduction History

PROJEC
Hardware Structure Software Feature
T

Selection Criteria Open System Architecture

 Introduction

• Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) are integrated, computerized systems for monitoring and
controlling energy-related building services plant and equipment such as heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, lighting, power systems and so on.

• A building automation system (BAS) is an intelligent system of both hardware and software, connecting
heating, venting and air conditioning system (HVAC), lighting, security, and other systems to communicate
on a single platform.

• BAS is considered as an advanced development of BMS,

Abbreviation:
incorporating the automation control system.
BMS – Building Management Systems
• A BAS can be considered a tool in the hands of building
BAS – Building Automation Systems
operations personnel to provide more effective and efficient
BEMS – Building Energy Management Systems
control over all building systems.
EMS – Energy Management Systems
EMCS – Energy Management Control Systems
EPMS – Energy Power Management Systems
 History
• Earlier pneumatic control system was used. They had initial
costing and maintenance requirement was ssubstantial, with
major problems.
• The growing level of the building industry led to the concept of
centralization.
• During the 50’s introduction to the pneumatic sensor-
Abbreviation:
transmitter permitting local indication and remote signal plus
CPU – Central of Computer Processing Unit
the receiver-controller with optional remote adjustment were
EMS – Energy Management System
the major reasons that led to pneumatic centralization.
DDDC - Distributed Direct
• The first computerized building automation control center was
Digital Control.
marketed late in the 60's and data communication was done
BOC – Building Operator Console
by means of coaxial cables or twisted pairs.
LANs- Local Area Network
• By 1970’s CPU and EMS were introduced.
• By 80’s PC’s (personalized computers) were introduced which
later lead to DDDC, BOC and LANs.
• BAS came into building industries during the 90’s, which had
both hardware configuration and software features.
 Hardware Structure
• The basic architecture consists of multiple programmable control panels, called network control units (NCUs) and
operator workstations (OWSs)
• They communicate with each other over a high-speed communication network, called the N1 local area network
(LAN).
• The OWS is normally a standard personal computer.
• Each NCU manages a physical area within the building, such as a mechanical equipment room.
• The capacity of an NCU can be enhanced with remote panels called network expansion units (NEUs).
 • The NCUs and NEUs can directly control central plant equipment.

• For the management of smaller air handlers, heat pumps, lighting circuits and other building services systems is
delegated to a family of application specific controllers (ASCs).
• The ASCs and NEUs communicate with the NCUs over a secondary communication network, called the N2 bus.

• ASCs and NCUs provide standalone control capability for HV AC, fire management, access control and lighting
control, giving maximum fault tolerance and reliability.
• All parts of the facility's operation are coordinated with each other so that the building operators can have complete
and consistent information about the facility from all input/output devices.

• The NCU is the heart of the network, and it has free access to all other NCUs andASCs.

• Standalone ASCs include air handling unit (AHU) controller, intelligent lighting controller (ILC), variable
air volume box (V A V) controller, unitary equipment (UNT) controller, intelligent access controller (IAC)
and intelligent fire controller (IFC) etc.
Structure of standard BAS
 Software Features
• Direct digital control (DDC) is the major concept of BAS.
• DDC control loops for damper operation are available to provide ventilation requirements or to utilize outdoor air
for cooling.

Ventilation Heating Control HVAC

Ventilation has 3 schemes:
• fixed quantity of outdoor
air,
• mixed air control and
• economizer control of
mixer air.
Heating control has 7 schemes:
• constant temperature hot water
control,
• constant water control,
• hot water control,
• hot water reset control,
• discharge air control,
• discharge air reset control and
• space temperature control etc.
For cooling/ heating/ humidification /
dehumidification control, five schemes
are available,
• chilled water control,
• dehumidification control,
• humidification control,
• heating-cooling sequencing
• humidification-dehumidification
sequencing.
• The occupied-unoccupied lighting control is a time-based program that schedules the on/off time of luminaires
for a building or zone to coincide with the occupancy schedules.
• Lighting level control is accomplished by two different methods: multi-level lighting and modulated lighting,
calling for specifically designed control.

• For fire protection, hard-wired BAS controller is used.

• The fire alarm system behaves as a few input points, either digital or analog, to the NCUs.

• The BAS can also be a tool to assist facility management and operating personnel of a building.
• The computerized maintenance management programs provide facility management personnel with tools
needed to protect equipment, control costs, schedule workloads, review historical trends, manage materials and
plan budgets.
 Selection Criteria

There are six criteria:

• Open system connectivity
• Investment protection
• System flexibility
• System reliability
• System quality
• System capabilities

• The main features include

o Transparent data sharing,
o automatic object database configuration,
o optimized object searching,
o automatic tuning of controllers,
o user interfaces,
o distributed controllers,
o control tuning and
o alarm response etc.
 Open System Architecture

• Troubled was caused when the control system was unable to communicate with in each other or not
interoperable.

• The ASHRAE published an ANSI / ASHRAE standard called Building Automation and Control Networks
(BACnet) in 1995.
• This standard specifies how control system messages are constructed and the types of networks used to pass
information from one device to another.
• Most commonly used interoperability solutions are BACnet, Lon Works and a variety of gateways between
proprietary system protocols.

• BACnet (Building Automation and Control Network), is the communications protocol that defines
communication services used between building control systems and building automation end-devices.
Thank You