Basics of IOT

Table Of Content

•History of Iot
•Iot Definition
•How IoT works?
•What is an example of an Internet of Things device?
•IoT benefits to organizations
•Why Is Internet of Things (IoT) so important?
•Iot Applications
•Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT)
•Advantages
•Disadvantages
•References
 History of IOT

•1999- The term "Internet of Things" was used by Kevin Ashton during his
work at P&G which became widely accepted
•2004 - The term was mentioned in famous publications like the Guardian,
Boston Globe, and Scientific American
•2005-UN's International Telecommunications Union (ITU) published its
first report on this topic.
•2008- The Internet of Things was born
•2011- Gartner, the market research company, include "The Internet of
Things" technology in their research
 Iot Definition

• “The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are
provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.”
 How IoT works?

• 1) Sensors/Devices
• 2) Connectivity
• 3) Data Processing
• 4)User Interface
 1) Sensors/Devices

• Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to collect live data
from the surrounding environment.
• All this data may have various levels of complexities.
• It could be a simple temperature monitoring sensor, or it may be in the form
of the video feed.
 2) Connectivity

• All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure.

• The sensors should be connected to the cloud using various mediums of
communications.
• These communication mediums include mobile or satellite networks,
Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc.
 3) Data Processing

• Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the software performs
processing on the gathered data.
• This process can be just checking the temperature, reading on devices like
AC or heaters.
• However, it can sometimes also be very complex like identifying objects,
using computer vision on video.
 4)User Interface

• The information needs to be available to the end-user in some way which

can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or sending them
notification through email or text message.
o The user sometimes might need an interface which actively checks their IoT
system.
• For example, the user has a camera installed in his home. He wants to
access video recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server.
 What is an example of an Internet of Things
device?

• A lightbulb that can be switched on using a smartphone app is an IoT device, as

is a motion sensor or a smart thermostat in your office or a connected
streetlight.
• An IoT device could be as fluffy as a child's toy or as serious as a driverless truck.
• Some larger objects may themselves be filled with many smaller IoT
components, such as a jet engine that's now filled with thousands of sensors
collecting and transmitting data back to make sure it is operating efficiently.
 IoT benefits to organizations

• monitor their overall business processes;

• improve the customer experience (CX);
• save time and money;
• enhance employee productivity;
• integrate and adapt business models;
• make better business decisions; and
• generate more revenue.
Why Is Internet of Things (IoT) so important?

• Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies
of the 21st century.
• Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars,
thermostats, baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless
communication is possible between people, processes, and things.
• By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile
technologies, physical things can share and collect data with minimal human
intervention.
 IoT Applications

• Smart Thermostats
• Connected Cars
• Activity Trackers
• Parking Sensors
• Connect Health
• Smart City
 Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT)

• Insufficient testing and updating

• Concern regarding data security and privacy
• Software complexity
• Data volumes and interpretation
• Integration with AI and automation
• Devices require a constant power supply which is difficult
• Interaction and short-range communication
 Advantages of IoT

• Ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device;

• Improved communication between connected electronic devices;
• Transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and
money; and
• Automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services and
reducing the need for human intervention.
 Disadvantages IoT
• As the number of connected devices increases and more information is
shared between devices, the potential that a hacker could steal confidential
information also increases.
• Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers -- maybe
even millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and managing the data from
all those devices will be challenging.
• If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected device will
become corrupted.
• Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's difficult
for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other.
 Design Principles
• some of the overarching principles that can be applied when designing an Internet of Things system-
• CALM AND AMBIENT TECHNOLOGY-calm technology—systems which don’t vie for attention yet
are ready to provide utility or useful information when we decide to give them some attention. With
its focus on computing power being embedded everywhere, ubicomp is often also referred to as
ambient computing
• Magic as Metaphore-One of the main issues with introducing any new technology or service that is
radically different from the normal is getting people to understand and accept it
• Privacy-With more sensors and devices watching us and reporting data to the Internet, the privacy of
third parties who cross our sensors’ paths (either by accident or design) is an important consideration.
Designers of an Internet of Things service will need to balance these concerns carefully
• WHOSE DATA IS IT ANYWAY?-With the number of sensors being deployed, it isn’t always clear
whose data is being gathered the term data subjects—those people to whom the data pertains,
regardless of whether they owned the sensors used to gather the data or the property where the
sensors were sited. There’s no clear understanding of what rights, if any, such “data subjects” will
enjoy, but it is an area that deserves more debate and attention
• WEB THINKING FOR CONNECTED DEVICES-When you are thinking of the networked aspect of Internet of Things
objects, it might help to draw on experiences and design guidelines from existing network deployments.
• SMALL PIECES, LOOSELY JOINED- Even if you are building all the components of your service, it makes sense not
to couple them too tightly together. The Internet flourished not because it is neatly controlled from a central
location, but because it isn’t; it is a collection of services and machines following the maxim of small pieces, loosely
joined.
• FIRST-CLASS CITIZENS ON THE INTERNET Where possible, you should use the same protocols and conventions
that the rest of the Internet uses. In the few cases where the existing protocols don’t work, such as in extremely low-
powered sensors, a better solution is to work with your peers to amend existing standards or create new open
standards which address the issue within the conventional standards groups.
• GRACEFUL DEGRADATION Because the Internet is so welcoming and tolerant of all sorts of devices and services,
the endpoints have a massively disparate and diverse range of capabilities. As a result, building services which can
be used by all of them is a nearly impossible task. However, a number of design patterns have evolved to mitigate
the problem.
• AFFORDANCES Affordances provide strong clues to the operations of things. Plates are for pushing. Knobs are for
turning. Slots are for inserting things into. Balls are for throwing or bouncing. When affordances are taken
advantage of, the user knows what to do just by looking: no picture, label, or instruction is required. Complex things
may require explanation, but simple things should not. When simple things need pictures, labels, or instructions, the
design has failed
 Physical Design of IOT
• A physical design of an IoT system refers to the individual node devices and their protocols that
are utilised to create a functional IoT ecosystem.
• Each node device can perform tasks such as remote sensing, actuating, monitoring, etc., by
relying on physically connected devices. It may also be capable of transmitting information
through different types of wireless or wired connections.
• The things/devices in the IoT system are used for:
Building connections
Data processing
Providing storage
Providing interfaces
Providing graphical interfaces
• The devices generate data, and the data is used to perform analysis and do operations for
improving the system. For instance, a moisture sensor is used to obtain the moisture data from
a location, and the system analyses it to give an output.
 Logical Design of IOT
•A logical design for an IoT system is the actual design of how its
components (computers, sensors, and actuators) should be arranged to
complete a particular function. It doesn’t go into the depth of describing
how each component will be built with low-level programming specifics.
IoT Functional Blocks
IoT Communication Models
IoT Communication APIs
 machine-to-machine (M2M)

• Machine-to-machine, or M2M, is a broad label that can be used to describe

any technology that enables networked devices to exchange information
and perform actions without the manual assistance of humans. Artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) facilitate the communication
between systems, allowing them to make their own autonomous choices.
 Key features of M2M
Key features of M2M technology include:
• Low power consumption, in an effort to improve the system's ability to effectively
service M2M applications.
• A Network operator that provides packet-switched service
• Monitoring abilities that provide functionality to detect events.
• Time tolerance, meaning data transfers can be delayed.
• Time control, meaning data can only be sent or received at specific predetermined
periods.
• Location specific triggers that alert or wake up devices when they enter particular areas.
• The ability to continually send and receive small amounts of data.
Thank You