Chlorine Hazard Awareness

Chlorine Hazards for petroleum refineries
Slide 1 of 82
Main Menu
• Introduction
• Why is Chlorine Hazardous?
• Properties of Chlorine
• Health-Related Effects of Chlorine
• Identifying Chlorine Hazards
• Avoiding Chlorine Exposure
• Emergency Response Procedures
• Summary
• Glossary
Menu Slide 2 of 82
INTRODUCTION
Module Navigation
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Blue textClick highlighted text to go to the Glossary
Click any button to observe action
Menu Slide 3 of 82
INTRODUCTION
Module Learning Objectives
• To reduce the potential for personal injury or death by providing

fundamental knowledge on the hazards of chlorine in our
facilities.
• To prepare you for the Verification Test that follows this training
module.
– Note that the verification is closed book
– Verification must be based solely upon your own work. Once you begin,
you may not refer to any documentation other than the verification itself,
unless the instructions clearly identify a specific document that may be
used. Further, it is not permissible to use another person's work, have
possession of the verification solutions, or receive assistance during the
verification (other than intervention needed to protect personnel or
equipment)
Menu Slide 4 of 82
INTRODUCTION
Module Topics
• Physical properties of chlorine
• Heath-related issues associated with a chlorine exposure
• Typical locations of chlorine in the facility
• Actions required to reduce the risk of injury from a chlorine

exposure
• Emergency response and first-aid actions related to a chlorine
exposure
Menu Slide 5 of 82
INTRODUCTION
Module Overview
• This module is designed to reduce your exposure to chlorine

hazards through improved awareness of this hazard.
You are responsible for applying the chlorine hazard recognition

knowledge presented in this training module.
Menu Slide 6 of 82
INTRODUCTION
Roles and Responsibilities
This module does

NOT include training
on the following
Field Technician
topics.
Requirements
• How to select, test and use

Personal Protective
• Follows established • Reports suspected Equipment (PPE)
procedures when chlorine exposure • Specialized training required
performing tasks hazards to a supervisor to perform tasks involving
near chlorine work chlorine
areas • Potential exposure hazards
associated with sodium
hypochlorite solutions
Menu Slide 7 of 82
WHY IS CHLORINE HAZARDOUS?
Chlorine is a Special Hazard
Potential exposure to chlorine represents a hazard that requires

special attention.
• Any exposure to chlorine can produce serious short-term health
effects
• Since chlorine is present at your workplace, you must know the
hazards of exposure and how to protect yourself from these
hazards
Menu Slide 8 of 82
Chlorine Exposure Incidents (1 of 4)
Chlorine Exposure Incident
• A chlorine cylinder leak at an oil refinery released 22 pounds of

chlorine
• The personal protective equipment (PPE) in use by an
emergency response team member was in a damaged condition
• The damaged PPE resulted in respiratory irritation and chemical
burns
Menu Slide 9 of 82
• Los Angeles, USA – Approximately 100 gallons of chlorine

overflowed from a storage tank
• The leak was stopped after ten minutes, but westerly winds
spread chlorine vapors over a populated area
• At least 11 people were injured and 100 people were evacuated
from a one-square mile area
Menu Slide 10 of 82
Chlorine Combustion Incident
• An employee, trying to prevent bacteria growth and mosquito

breeding, poured liquid chlorine into a puddle that he assumed
was water
• The puddle, however, also contained hydrocarbons
• Almost immediately, the surface of the water caught fire
Menu Slide 11 of 82
• New Jersey, USA – A routine inspection found a tanker car

leaking chlorine, probably from an improperly secured release
valve on top of the car
• One employee was kept in hospital overnight for observation
and one was treated for chlorine inhalation
Due to the hazards of chlorine handling and storage, our

facilities have developed and implemented specific risk
management approaches.
Menu Slide 12 of 82
PROPERTIES OF CHLORINE
Applications of Chlorine (1 of 2)
• Various forms of chlorine are widely

used in a number of manufacturing
process
• PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride, a popular
plastic, is a chlorine-based material
• Chlorine-based products play a role
in the manufacture of more than
10,000 products from automobiles to
x-ray film
Menu Slide 13 of 82
Applications of Chlorine (2 of 2)
• At our facilities, chlorine is used in solid (usually powdered),

liquid and gaseous forms
• Processes that use chlorine include the following applications
– An oxidizing agent for the treatment of flue gases
– A chlorinating agent for the treatment of cooling tower water
– The treatment of potable water
Menu Slide 14 of 82
Physical Characteristics (1 of 3)
• Liquid chlorine has a greenish-yellow color
• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to the

atmosphere
• Chlorine vapor is heavier-than-air
• Chlorine vapors are yellow and have a pungent odor similar to

household bleach
• The odor may be detected at concentrations less than 1.0 ppm
• All forms of chlorine are highly corrosive
Menu Slide 15 of 82
Chlorine may become flammable or corrosive

when mixed with other materials.
• Powdered chlorine may be mixed with flammable or
combustible components
• A potential fire and explosion hazard is created when
chlorine comes into contact with hydrocarbons
• Chlorine reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid
which is a highly corrosive compound
• During the formation of hydrochloric acid, flammable
hydrogen gas is produced that can accumulate in
enclosed areas
• Chlorine is a strong oxidizer
Menu Slide 16 of 82
Because of the potential for chlorine vapors to accumulate in low-

lying areas, the following facility site areas can be affected.
• Bottom of vessels
• Ditches or trenches
• Tank levees
• Diked areas
• Drains
• Sewers
• Containment areas
Menu Slide 17 of 82
Properties of Chlorine - Summary
 Chlorine in contact with hydrocarbons or other

materials may generate chlorine gas or initiate a fire
 When liquid chlorine is exposed to the atmosphere, it
vaporizes and can accumulate in low-lying areas
such as trenches and sewers
Menu Slide 18 of 82
Progress Check: Properties of Chlorine
Select The Appropriate Answer Below
1. Chlorine is commonly used only in its solid (usually powdered)

form in our chemical and refining operations.
A. True
B. False
Slide 19 of 82
Sorry, that is INCORRECT. Please review the material below, then click Retry Question.
Applications for Chlorine

• At our facilities, chlorine is used in solid (usually powdered),
liquid and gaseous forms
• Processes that use chlorine include the following applications
– An oxidizing agent for the treatment of flue gases
– A chlorinating agent for the treatment of cooling tower water
– The treatment of potable water
Retry Question
Slide 20 of 82
1. Chlorine is commonly used only in its solid (usually powdered)

form in our chemical and refining operations.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Chlorine is used in its
powdered, liquid
and gaseous
forms in our facilities.
Slide 21 of 82
2. Which of the following characteristics of chlorine are true?
A. Powdered chlorine may be mixed with flammable or combustibl

e components
B. Chlorine has a strong oxidizing effect on metal
C. If chlorine comes into contact with water, hydrochloric acid and
hydrogen gas can be produced
D. All of the above
Slide 22 of 82
Chlorine may become flammable or corrosive when mixed with

other materials.
• Powdered chlorine may be mixed with flammable or combustible components
• A potential fire and explosion hazard is created when chlorine comes into contact
with hydrocarbons
• Chlorine reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid which is a highly corrosive
compound
• During the formation of hydrochloric acid, flammable hydrogen gas is produced
that can accumulate in enclosed areas
• Before introducing dry chlorine into piping systems, all parts of the system must be
completely clean and dry
• Chlorine is a strong oxidizer
Retry Question
Slide 23 of 82
2. Which of the following characteristics of chlorine are true?
A. Powdered chlorine may be mixed with flammable or

combustible components
B. Chlorine has a strong oxidizing effect on metal
C. If chlorine comes into contact with water, hydrochloric acid and
hydrogen gas can be produced
D. All of the above
Correct!
Slide 24 of 82
3. Liquid chlorine vaporizes quickly when exposed to the

atmosphere.
A. True
B. False
Slide 25 of 82
Physical Characteristics
• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to the atmosphere
household bleach
Retry Question
Slide 26 of 82
3. Liquid chlorine vaporizes quickly when exposed to the

atmosphere.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Chlorine vapor
is heavier-than-
air.
Slide 27 of 82
4. Chlorine vapor has a distinct reddish-brown color.
A. True
B. False
Slide 28 of 82
• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to the atmosphere
household bleach
Retry Question
Slide 29 of 82
4. Chlorine vapor has a distinct reddish-brown color.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Chlorine vapor
is yellow in
color.
Slide 30 of 82
5. Chlorine vapors are heavier-than-air and tend to accumulate in

low-lying areas.
A. True
B. False
Slide 31 of 82
• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to atmosphere
household bleach
Retry Question
Slide 32 of 82
5. Chlorine vapors are heavier-than-air and tend to accumulate in

low-lying areas.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Chlorine vapors
do not
disperse readily.
Slide 33 of 82
6. Chlorine has a pungent odor similar to rotten eggs.
A. True
B. False
Slide 34 of 82
• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to atmosphere
household bleach
Retry Question
Slide 35 of 82
6. Chlorine has a pungent odor similar to rotten eggs.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Chlorine smells
like household
bleach.
Slide 36 of 82
HEALTH-RELATED EFFECTS OF CHLORINE
Chlorine Exposure Routes
Injury may be caused through one or more of the following

exposure routes.
• Inhalation (breathing) of chlorine vapor
• Skin contact with liquid chlorine
• Vapor or liquid contact with the eyes
Inhalation and skin contact exposures are the most

common routes and typically result in the most
serious injuries to personnel
Menu Slide 37 of 82
Chlorine Exposure Effects - Vapor
• At lower concentrations, chlorine gas is a

respiratory (breathing system) and eye
irritant
• At high concentrations, chlorine gas can
cause severe damage to the lungs and
other moist tissues like the eyes and
throat
Menu Slide 38 of 82
Chlorine Exposure Effects - Liquid
• Compressed liquid chlorine can cause

severe frostbite if it contacts the skin
• Liquid chlorine vaporizes quickly. Chlorine
vapor can react with water in the skin and
eyes to cause irritation and burns
– At low exposure levels, tissue irritation is
common
– Higher levels of exposure may cause
chemical burns and painful deep tissue
wounds
Menu Slide 39 of 82
Effects of Increasing Chlorine Concentrations on Breathing
0.2 – 0.4 PPM

Odor Detection Threshold
(* Values shown are approximate)

1.0 – 3.0 PPM
Mild irritation of moist tissues
Increasing Severity
(eyes, nose, throat, lungs)
Fatal within a few minutes

5.0 – 15.0 PPM
Moderate respiratory
tract irritation
Immediate chest pain,

vomiting and coughing
Immediately
dangerous to
life or health
0* 1.0* 5.0* 10* 30* 1000*
Increasing Concentration (PPM)
Menu Slide 40 of 82
Symptoms of an Overexposure to Chlorine
Overexposure Effects
• Irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs
• Coughing and sneezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Excessive salivation
• Vomiting
• Rashes or burns on the skin
Exposure to high levels of chlorine can lead to respiratory

failure and death.
Seek medical attention in all cases of chlorine exposure.
Menu Slide 41 of 82
Effects of Powdered Chlorine on Human Tissue
Exposure Effects
• Powdered chlorine may oxidize the skin upon contact
• Similar to the liquid and vapor forms of chlorine, powdered
chlorine can also react with water in the skin and eyes to
cause burns
Menu Slide 42 of 82
Properties of Chlorine - Summary
 Chlorine in all forms can cause damage to human

tissue through inhalation, ingestion and skin contact
 Chlorine may cause short-term exposure health
effects including coughing, shortness of breath and
vomiting
 Prolonged exposure to high levels of chlorine can
lead to respiratory failure and death
Menu Slide 43 of 82
Progress Check: Health-Effect Properties
1. What are some of the symptoms of a chlorine overexposure?
A. Difficulty breathing
B. Rashes or burns
C. Throat irritation
D. All of the above
Slide 44 of 82
Overexposure Effects
• Irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs
• Coughing and sneezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Excessive salivation
• Vomiting
• Rashes or burns on the skin
Retry Question
Slide 45 of 82
1. What are some of the symptoms of a chlorine overexposure?
A. Difficulty breathing
B. Rashes or burns
C. Throat irritation
D. All of the above
Correct!
Slide 46 of 82
2. Increasing chlorine concentrations have a negative effect on

your ability to breathe. At what concentration can an exposure
become immediately dangerous to life or health?
A. 10 ppm
B. 100 ppm
C. 1000 ppm
D. 10,000 ppm
Slide 47 of 82

0.2 – 0.4 PPM

Odor Detection Threshold
(* Values shown are approximate)

1.0 – 3.0 PPM
Increasing Severity
Mild irritation of moist tissues
(eyes, nose, throat, lungs)
Fatal within a few minutes

5.0 – 15.0 PPM
Moderate respiratory
tract irritation
Immediate chest pain,

vomiting and coughing
Immediately
dangerous to
life or health
0* 1.0* 5.0* 10* 30* 1000*
Increasing Concentration (PPM) Retry Question
Slide 48 of 82
2. Increasing chlorine concentrations have a negative effect on

your ability to breathe. At what concentration can an exposure
become immediately dangerous to life or health?
A. 10 ppm
B. 100 ppm
C. 1000 ppm
D. 10,000 ppm
Correct!
Obtain medical
treatment
immediately
following
any exposure.
Slide 49 of 82
IDENTIFYING CHLORINE HAZARDS
Sources of Chlorine
Chlorine may be located in several

areas of the facility.
• Flue gas treatment operations
• Potable water treatment operations
• Cooling tower chlorination

operations
• Specialized chemical manufacturing
processes
Consult site contacts for specific

locations and uses.
Menu Slide 50 of 82
AVOIDING CHLORINE HAZARDS
Controlling Chlorine Exposures
There are three primary safety

mechanisms designed to manage, or
limit, the risk of a chlorine exposure.
1. Engineering Controls
2. Procedural and Administrative
Controls
3. Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Menu Slide 51 of 82
Engineering Controls (1 of 2)
Engineering controls are designed to reduce the

probability of exposure at the chlorine source.
Substitution
 When feasible, less hazardous forms of
chlorine are substituted such as using a
powdered form as an alternative to the
gaseous form
 Less hazardous sodium hypochlorite solutions
are also substituted when possible
Containment Systems
 When possible, chlorine is contained in closed
systems reducing fire and human exposure
risk
 Vapor recovery systems are examples
Menu Slide 52 of 82
Engineering Controls (2 of 2)
Engineering controls are designed to

reduce the probability of exposure at the
chlorine source.
Equipment Selection
 Improved pump seals, valve packing
and gaskets
Ventilation
 Increase ventilation provided for indoor
or enclosed work areas
 Chlorine-containing materials handled
using laboratory exhaust hoods
Menu Slide 53 of 82
Administrative and Procedural Controls
Administrative controls, procedural controls and

work practices are designed to further limit risk
when engineering controls are not feasible or
adequately protective.
• Work permitting systems
• Safe operating procedures (SOPs)
• Gas monitors and warning systems
• Warning signs and barricades to identify
chlorine-containing areas
Menu Slide 54 of 82
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• PPE is used in conjunction with

engineering and administrative controls
• PPE and Respiratory Protective
Equipment (RPE) provide the final line of
defense against chlorine exposure
Consult site procedures for PPE

requirements when performing
tasks involving chlorine.
Menu Slide 55 of 82
Avoiding Chlorine Hazards - Summary
 Use engineering controls as intended
 Follow your site-specific procedural and

administrative processes
 Use the correct PPE for the work task as

required by your site
Menu Slide 56 of 82
Progress Check: Avoiding Hazards
1. Personal protective equipment (PPE) provides the final line of

defense in the exposure risk management process.
A. True
B. False
Slide 57 of 82
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• PPE is used in conjunction with engineering and
administrative controls
• PPE and Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) provide
the final line of defense against chlorine exposure
Retry Question
Slide 58 of 82
1. Personal protective equipment (PPE) provides the final line of

defense in the exposure risk management process.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Slide 59 of 82
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
Rescue Precautions (1 of 2)
• There is a powerful human instinct to help someone in distress

– This is especially true when a friend or co-worker is involved
– Emotions must not be allowed to override safe work procedures and
training
• Many fatalities associated with exposure to vapor or gas releases

are caused by unqualified or unprepared rescuers attempting to
recover a victim
• Only qualified and trained personnel equipped with the proper
Personal Protective Equipment should attempt any rescue
Menu Slide 60 of 82
Rescue Precautions (2 of 2)
SHOULD I ATTEMPT A RESCUE?
Are you qualified to YES

perform a rescue
and have proper
PPE?
NO
Evacuate the area Approach the rescue

with caution following
Follow site emergency established emergency
response procedures response procedures
Menu Slide 61 of 82
Emergency Response Roles
• Authorized, qualified personnel

equipped with suitable Personal
Protective Equipment will
investigate potential leaks or
spills and take corrective action
• All others should stay away

from the area until the leak is
stopped and any remaining
hazards eliminated
Menu Slide 62 of 82
Be Prepared to Respond to an Emergency
Prior to entering a process area, know what facilities and

practices are in place for Emergency Response.
• DO know the locations of and how to use

safety showers and eyewashes
• DO monitor the wind direction at all times
• DO know the site and area-specific

emergency alarms response procedures
• DO know the meaning of warning signs
Menu Slide 63 of 82
Responding to a Leak, Spill or Fire

If you hear an emergency alarm, discover a fire, detect a vapor
release by sight or smell, or experience eye or respiratory
irritation take the following actions.
• DO evacuate the area moving crosswind or upwind from the hazard to
a safe location in a manner that minimizes your exposure
– If you do not know the location of the hazard source, move crosswind
– If applicable, put on approved escape mask
• DO activate the emergency alarm system if not yet activated
• DO follow all site-specific emergency notification procedures
• DO avoid low-lying areas, such as trenches, where heavier-than-air

materials could accumulate
• DO follow local emergency procedures when responding to a leak,
spill or fire
Menu Slide 64 of 82
Emergency Preparation and Response Summary
√ DO approach rescues with caution
√ DO not let emotions override proper procedures and

training
√ DO prepare for an emergency by being familiar with
safety facilities, emergency alarms and the required
responses
√ DO evacuate the area of a leak, spill or fire to a safe
location based on wind direction while avoiding low-lying
areas
√ DO use a safety shower or eyewash station, if exposed to
harmful materials
Menu Slide 65 of 82
First Aid - Skin or Eye Exposures
Exposed tissue must be flushed with water

immediately.
1. Proceed to the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit
located upwind or crosswind from the exposure area
2. If exposed to powdered chlorine, brush off the loose
powder on the way to the safety shower or eyewash
unit
3. Call for help on the way but DO NOT delay
4. Remove all contaminated clothing
5. Flush the skin or eyes with large amounts of water for
at least 15 minutes unless directed otherwise by a
medical professional
6. Obtain medical attention immediately
DO NOT use chemical neutralizers or apply any salves or ointments to damaged
skin. Trained medical personnel should examine the injury as soon as possible.
Menu Slide 66 of 82
Progress Check: Emergency Procedures
1. Before entering areas of the facility near chlorine-containing

process operations or material storage, you must comply with
which of the following requirements?
A. Know the site and area-specific emergency alarms response

procedures
B. Know the locations of safety showers and eyewashes
C. Know the meaning of warning signs
D. All of the above
Slide 67 of 82

• DO know the locations of and how to use safety showers and
eyewashes
• DO know the site and area-specific emergency alarms response
procedures
Retry Question
Slide 68 of 82
1. Before entering areas of the facility near chlorine-containing

process operations or material storage, you must comply with
which of the following requirements?
A. Know the site and area-specific emergency alarms response

procedures
B. Know the locations of safety showers and eyewashes
C. Know the meaning of warning signs
D. All of the above
Correct!
Slide 69 of 82
2. Monitoring wind direction is an important factor in reducing

the potential risk of exposure to chlorine-containing materials.
A. True
B. False
Slide 70 of 82

• DO know the locations of and how to use safety showers and

eyewashes
• DO know the site and area-specific emergency alarms response
procedures
Retry Question
Slide 71 of 82
2. Monitoring wind direction is an important factor in reducing

the potential risk of exposure to chlorine-containing materials.
A. True
B. False
Correct!
Slide 72 of 82
3. When responding to an emergency, which of the following

actions must be taken?
A. Follow all site-specific emergency notification procedures

B. Evacuate the exposure area immediately
C. Activate the emergency alarm system
D. All of the above
Slide 73 of 82
If you hear an emergency alarm, discover a fire, detect a vapor release by sight or
smell, or experience eye or respiratory irritation take the following actions.
• DO evacuate the area moving crosswind or upwind from the hazard to a safe
location in a manner that minimizes your exposure
– If you do not know the location of the hazard source, move crosswind
– If applicable, put on approved escape mask
• DO activate the emergency alarm system if not yet activated
• DO follow all site-specific emergency notification procedures
• DO avoid low-lying areas, such as trenches, where heavier-than-air materials could
accumulate
• DO follow local emergency procedures when responding to a leak, spill or fire
Retry Question
Slide 74 of 82
3. When responding to an emergency, which of the following

actions must be taken?
A. Follow all site-specific emergency notification procedures

B. Evacuate the exposure area immediately
C. Activate the emergency alarm system
D. All of the above
Correct!
Slide 75 of 82
4. Which of the following actions must be taken for any skin or

eye exposure to chlorine-containing materials?
A. Proceed to the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit located

upwind or crosswind from the exposure area
B. Brush off any loose powdered chlorine on the way to a safety
shower or eyewash
C. Call for help on the way but DO NOT delay
D. Remove all contaminated clothing
E. All of the above
Slide 76 of 82
Exposed tissue must be flushed with water immediately.

1. Proceed to the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit located
2. If exposed to powdered chlorine, brush off the loose powder on the
way to the safety shower or eyewash unit
5. Flush the skin or eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes unless directed otherwise by a medical professional
Retry Question
Slide 77 of 82
4. Which of the following actions must be taken for any skin or

eye exposure to chlorine-containing materials?
A. Proceed to the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit located

B. Brush off any loose powdered chlorine on the way to a safety
shower or eyewash
C. Call for help on the way but DO NOT delay
D. Remove all contaminated clothing
Correct!
E. All of the above
Slide 78 of 82
5. First aid treatment for skin or eye contact with chlorine-

containing material includes which of the following
requirements.
A. Flush the exposed tissue with large amounts of water for at

least 15 minutes
B. Obtain medical attention immediately
C. Apply a chlorine-neutralizing paste and bandage the wound
D. A and B only
Slide 79 of 82
Exposed tissue must be flushed with water immediately.

1. Proceed to the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit located
2. If exposed to powdered chlorine, brush off the loose powder on the
way to the safety shower or eyewash unit
5. Flush the skin or eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes unless directed otherwise by a medical professional
DO NOT use chemical neutralizers or apply any salves or

ointments to damaged skin. Trained medical personnel should Retry Question
examine the injury as soon as possible.
Slide 80 of 82
5. First aid treatment for skin or eye contact with chlorine-

containing material includes which of the following
requirements.
A. Flush the exposed tissue with large amounts of water for at least
15 minutes
B. Obtain medical attention immediately
C. Apply a chlorine-neutralizing paste and bandage the wound
D. A and B only
Correct!
Slide 81 of 82
SUMMARY
What You Have Learned…
• In this Module you learned about the following:

– Physical properties of chlorine
– Heath-related issues associated with a chlorine exposure
– Typical locations of chlorine in the facility
– Actions required to reduce the risk of injury from a chlorine exposure
– Emergency response and first-aid actions related to a chlorine exposure
• You should now…

– Know how to reduce the potential for personal injury or death by
providing fundamental knowledge on the hazards of chlorine in our
facilities
– Be prepared for the Verification Test that follows this training module
Exit Slide Show
Menu Slide 82 of 82
Glossary
• Oxidizer
– An oxidizing agent, such as chlorine, that causes the accelerated
deterioration of other materials or substances.
• ppm
– Refers to parts per million
– A measure of the relative concentration of a substance within another
substance.
Slide
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Chlorine Hazard Awareness

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Chlorine Hazards for petroleum refineries

• Why is Chlorine Hazardous?

• Health-Related Effects of Chlorine

• Identifying Chlorine Hazards

• Avoiding Chlorine Exposure

• Emergency Response Procedures

Move forward one screen

Go back one screen

Return to previous screen

Blue textClick highlighted text to go to the Glossary

Click any button to observe action

Module Learning Objectives

• To reduce the potential for personal injury or death by providing

• Physical properties of chlorine

• Heath-related issues associated with a chlorine exposure

• Typical locations of chlorine in the facility

• Actions required to reduce the risk of injury from a chlorine

• This module is designed to reduce your exposure to chlorine

You are responsible for applying the chlorine hazard recognition

Roles and Responsibilities

This module does

• How to select, test and use

Chlorine is a Special Hazard

Potential exposure to chlorine represents a hazard that requires

Chlorine Exposure Incidents (1 of 4)

Chlorine Exposure Incident

• A chlorine cylinder leak at an oil refinery released 22 pounds of

Chlorine Exposure Incidents (2 of 4)

Chlorine Exposure Incident

• Los Angeles, USA – Approximately 100 gallons of chlorine

Chlorine Exposure Incidents (3 of 4)

Chlorine Combustion Incident

• An employee, trying to prevent bacteria growth and mosquito

• Almost immediately, the surface of the water caught fire

Chlorine Exposure Incidents (4 of 4)

Chlorine Exposure Incident

• New Jersey, USA – A routine inspection found a tanker car

Due to the hazards of chlorine handling and storage, our

• Various forms of chlorine are widely

• At our facilities, chlorine is used in solid (usually powdered),

• Liquid chlorine has a greenish-yellow color

• Liquid chlorine readily vaporizes when released to the

• Chlorine vapors are yellow and have a pungent odor similar to

• All forms of chlorine are highly corrosive

Chlorine may become flammable or corrosive

Because of the potential for chlorine vapors to accumulate in low-

Properties of Chlorine - Summary

 Chlorine in contact with hydrocarbons or other

Progress Check: Properties of Chlorine

Select The Appropriate Answer Below

1. Chlorine is commonly used only in its solid (usually powdered)

Progress Check: Properties of Chlorine

Applications for Chlorine

Progress Check: Properties of Chlorine

1. Chlorine is commonly used only in its solid (usually powdered)

Progress Check: Properties of Chlorine

Select The Appropriate Answer Below

2. Which of the following characteristics of chlorine are true?