METODE

&
ANALISA DATA

Dr. Theodorus, MMedSc

Staf Farmakologi Fk Unsri
1. PROPOSAL
1. Judul
2. Hipotesa (Tujuan Penelitian)
3. Metode
4. Analisa
2. What is the study type?
HIERARCHY OF STUDY TYPES??

Descriptive Analytic
•Case report
•Case series
•Survey
•Diagnostic Test
Observational Experimental
•Cross sectional •In vitro – in vivo
•Case-control • Ranzomized
•Cohort studies controlled trials

Strength of evidence for causality between a risk factor and outcome

1. DIAGNOSTIC TEST
COMPARISON OF TWO TEST
Gold standard
Disease
Yes No

Ye A B a/a+c
New s
Test

No C D
1. DIAGNOSTIC TEST
COMPARISON OF TWO TEST
Gold standard
Disease
Yes No

Yes A B a/a+c
New
Test

No C D
Hasil :
1. Sensitivitas
2. Spesifisitas
3. Nilai duga positif
4. Nilai duga negative
5. Akurasi
2. OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
( RELATIONSHIP)
Disease / Outcome
Yes No RR/OR

Ye A B ad/bc
Risk s
Or
Exposur
e
No C D

Chi Square Test, P = ( 0,01, 0,05, atau 0,1)

2. OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
( RELATIONSHIP)
Disease / Outcome
Yes No RR/OR

Yes A B ad/bc
Risk
Or
Exposure

No C D

Simpulan :
1. Berhubungan (RR/OR ≥ 1,5) dan bermakna (p < 0,01, < 0,05, atau < 0,1)
2. Berhubungan (RR/OR ≥ 1,5), dan tidak bermakna (p > 0,01, > 0,05, atau > 0,1)
3. Tidak berhubungan (RR/OR ≤ 1) dan bermakna (p < 0,01, < 0,05, atau < 0,1)
4. Tidak berhubungan (RR/OR ≤ 1) dan tidak bermakna (p > 0,01, > 0,05, atau > 0,1)
3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Comparison of two (more) Intervension
VAR Treated Controlled
Before / After / P* Before/ After / P* P**
baseline Endpoint baseline Endpoint
EC 50    

Agree-    
gation

Dependent* / Independent** T Test ; P ( 0,01, 0,05, atau 0,1)

Note : Controlled Positive = drug of choice

Controlled Negative = placebo
3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Comparison of two (more) Intervension
VAR Treated Controlled
Before / After / P* Before/ After / P* P**
baseline Endpoint baseline Endpoint
EC 50    

Agree-    
gation

Simpulan :
1. Treated sama efektif dengan controlled
2. Treated lebih efektif dari controlled
3. Controlled lebih efektif dari treated
4. Treated dan controlled sama-sama tidak efektif