Ch.

12: APA Documentation

Style
 This Week’s Outline
2. Learning 4. Mini
1. Ch. 12 
Activitie 3. Quiz #1 Presentation
Slides Assignment
s

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Chapter 12:
APA Documentation Style

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Chapter Summary
As you likely have guessed based on the
description of this week’s content, one of the
most important skills in developing your
writing is supporting your points with external
sources (i.e. References). While many of the
earlier chapters in the text show how to find
sources and begin to integrate them into your
writing, this chapter will enable you to give
proper credit to your sources using the APA
referencing style.

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Learning Objectives
Understand and explain the importance of
documentation (APA).
12.1 How to cite sources according to the APA
referencing style
12.2 How to create a References List
12.3 How to incorporate in-text citation in your
writing

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Why use in-text
citations /
references?

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Why use in-text citations /
references?
1. Give appropriate credit to others’
work
2. Establish your credibility as a
researcher
3. Show where your own work fits
into the field

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Why use in-text citations /
references?
4. Avoid plagiarism and its severe penalties
□ A form of theft and certainly one of the
most serious academic crimes.
5. Enable readers (such as graders, reviewers,
etc.) to trace or verify your sources
6. Find the reference if you need it for further
research

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Why use in-text citations /
references?
7. Expand on a matter (in a footnote or
an endnote) that would be disruptive
if placed in the text.

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 What does APA
stand for?
American Psychological Association

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Referencing Styles
American Psychological Association (APA)
∎ Used in business, education, psychology, social sciences, and
some physical sciences
MLA (Modern Language Association)
∎ Used in literature, philosophy, and religion
Other major formats
∎ Council of Science Editors (CSE)
∎ The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS)
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Referencing Styles
What did I [Prof. V.] use in my
research?
∎ Since I studied Nutrition, I used the
International Committee of Medical
Journal Editors (ICMJE) Uniform
requirements for manuscripts submitted to
biomedical journals in both my
undergraduate and masters degrees.
∎ Style required for publication in The
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice
and Research 12
Referencing Styles
What style of referencing is used in your profession?

While you are a student at Georgian College, the APA referencing

style is widely required. However, I would suggest doing a little
bit of research, maybe asking the professors in your field if your
profession uses another referencing style.

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Example of Title Page in APA format
See complete version of
this example APA (student)
paper in the Week 2
learning folder.

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A few general definitions first...
Citation (or in-text citation)
∎ Includes author(s) name, publication year, and page(s) or
paragraph(s).
∎ Placed in the sentence where the referenced information appears.
Reference
∎ Gives complete retrieval information for a source used in a paper.
□ May include the author(s) name, publication date, title, and
publisher name, location, weblink, DOI number, etc.
∎ List placed at the end of a paper.
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Same definitions, but specific to APA
Citation (or in-text citation)
∎ Contains in parentheses:
□ Surname(s) of the author(s)
□ Year of publication
□ Page number(s) or a similar locator of the information (ex.
Paragraph number)
References
∎ Listed alphabetically with a hanging indent for each reference
∎ Very specific formatting requirements depending on type of
reference (journal article, electronic source, chapter in
textbook, etc.).

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Examples of In-Text Citation and Reference
In-Text Citation: Separate the items with commas and use the
abbreviation p. (page) or pp. (pages if covering more than one page)
∎ (Valkenburg & Jochen, 2007, p.851)

In your References list

Valkenburg, P. M., & Jochen, P. (2007). Who visits 
online dating sites? Exploring some characteristics of
online daters. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 10,  849–
852. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9941
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More In-Text Citation Examples
Quotation
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using
APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Paraphrase
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format
for first-time learners.
OR
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones,
1998, p. 199).
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In-Text Citation Examples:
Three or more authors names
APA 6th Edition
Intimacy is necessary in the creation and maintenance of
relationships, as it is defined as the sharing of a person’s innermost
being with another person, i.e., self-disclosure (Hu, Wood, Smith,
& Westbrook, 2004),

APA 7th Edition: Use “et al.” in first in-text citation

Hu et al. (2004) studied the relationship between the frequency of
Instant Messenger (IM) use and the degree of perceived intimacy
among friends. 19
Example of References in APA format
See complete version of
this example APA (student)
paper in the Week 2
learning folder.

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Where can I learn more about APA?

Georgian College APA

Writing & Citing Guide
∎ https://library.georgiancollege.ca/citing

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Where can I learn more about APA?

The
Writing
Centre
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Where can I learn
more about APA?
The Writing Centre
∎ Located in the Library
∎ Also, online appointments, virtual
drop-in hours, and much more!
∎ For more information visit:
□ https://library.georgiancollege.ca
/writing_centre/

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Where can I learn more about APA?
Similar to the Georgian College
APA (7th Ed.) Citing guide. Great to
have a second guide to cross-
reference, find other examples, etc.

Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)

∎ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa
_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html 25
Learning Activities
Find them in the Week 2 folder to learn
more about APA In-text Citations and
References.

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Quiz #1
See in the ‘Evaluations’ tab.
Due Fri. Jan. 21st by 3:59 pm.

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Mini Intro.
Presentations -
Individual
See more details in the ‘Evaluations’ tab.
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