The document discusses literature reviews and how to conduct them. It defines literature as scholarly writings on a topic that can come from primary or secondary sources. Primary sources are original works, while secondary sources comment or review primary sources. The document outlines best practices for literature reviews such as searching various sources, taking detailed notes, and providing critical analysis rather than just summarizing papers. The goal is to synthesize relevant literature to identify gaps and help direct research.
The document discusses literature reviews and how to conduct them. It defines literature as scholarly writings on a topic that can come from primary or secondary sources. Primary sources are original works, while secondary sources comment or review primary sources. The document outlines best practices for literature reviews such as searching various sources, taking detailed notes, and providing critical analysis rather than just summarizing papers. The goal is to synthesize relevant literature to identify gaps and help direct research.
The document discusses literature reviews and how to conduct them. It defines literature as scholarly writings on a topic that can come from primary or secondary sources. Primary sources are original works, while secondary sources comment or review primary sources. The document outlines best practices for literature reviews such as searching various sources, taking detailed notes, and providing critical analysis rather than just summarizing papers. The goal is to synthesize relevant literature to identify gaps and help direct research.
Principal/Director K.S. School of Engineering and Management, Bangalore sridharasn1964@gmail.com
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 1
What is meant by Literature? • Literature refers to collection of Scholarly writings on a topic • Literature can be obtained from ‘Primary Sources’ and ‘Secondary Sources’ • Primary sources are first hand sources wherein the first reported work is obtained. Ex: research articles from scholarly journals, monographs, white papers, News paper cuttings, speeches, letters, autobiographies etc., Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 2 Primary and Secondary Sources in Literature
• Secondary sources are non-original or second
had data information which might be a review or comment on the data published in Primary Source. Ex: Research Summaries reported in text books, news papers, research reviews etc..
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 3
Why Literature Search? • To make a base for research. • To gain knowledge in the relevant field • To know the progress already made in the relevant field (State of the Art) • To make sure that you are in right path • To identify the gap and to get the motivation for the study • To relate your results and publish in relevant journals Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 4 Where to Search for Literature? • International Journals (on-line & off-line) • Conference Proceedings • Books • Internet (be more careful for correctness) • White papers, in-house publications and documents • News papers, magazines, etc.,
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 5
Steps involved in Literature Review
• Searching for good sources and collecting
papers • Sorting and Priotorising the papers • First reading of papers and making notes • Critical Reading and marking the highlights • Comparative study of noted literature • Writing the literature review with critical comments Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 6 Collection of Information from Literature
• Prepare notes from each paper read
• Read the paper several times and understand the concept clearly • Note the major points from this paper in the words of authors • Add your critics to the paper • Prepare a ready reckoner for the papers referred • Literature review is a continues process and will continue even after the thesis is submitted to note the developments made in the relevant field
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 7
Collection of Information from Literature • Prepare a ready reckoner in a suitable format as shown below • This can be recorded in a A3 paper to include all the relevant information • This reckoner will be of great help throughout the research studies and even afterwards
Authors & Type of Tools Used Methodology Major Results Contributions
Title of Study used Paper Lin et al . Analytical Fourier Governing Identification of Comparative ……………… and Transforms equations limitation of study of both Numerical and Finite solved in both both methods methods Differences the methods Shaw and Expt. Laser light Measurement of Dropsize Linking of flow Shaw scattering dropsizes in distribution parameters to technique spray and under varying spray characterisation conditions characteristics
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 8
How to Write a Good Literature Review?
• Do not write annotated review:
Ex: (poor literature review) Yehia A Eldrainy et.al [3] worked on multiple inlet swirler for gas turbine combustors. This new swirler introduces air tangentially ……. Masato Mikami et.al [4] studied combustion of partially premixed spray jets. Burning behaviors of partially premixed sprays …….
• Write a synthesis of the literature
The comparative study of relevant literature is a must instead of recording of several statements from literature.
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 9
How to Write a Good Literature Review?
• Do not just record the observations made in
the paper • Instead add your comments and critics • Literature review must be of great help in identifying the procedure, tools and methodology used etc.. hence, the literature review spreads across the entire thesis/paper
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 10
• UGC Approved list of Journals: (32,659 journals)
https://www.ugc.ac.in/journallist/
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 11
• The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and citation impact of the publications of a scientist or scholar. • The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. • The index can also be applied to the productivity and impact of a scholarly journal as well as a group of scientists, such as a department or university or country.
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 12
• Scopus gives four types of quality measure for each title; those are h-Index, CiteScore, SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper). • Anyone can find all included journals on the SCImago Journal Rank website. • According to the Scimago Journal Rankings, Nature has the highest h-index (1011 as of 2016), and CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians has the highest SJR (39.285 as of 2016) and CiteScore 2016 (89.23 in the 99th percentile). Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 13 • Web of Science (previously known as Web of Knowledge) is an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now maintained by Clarivate • Analytics (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters), that provides a comprehensive citation search. • It gives access to multiple databases that reference cross-disciplinary research, which allows for in- depth exploration of specialized sub-fields within an academic or scientific discipline. Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 14 Search Engines for Research Papers? • http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ For Patents: • http://scholar.google.co.in/ • http://papers.sae.org/Engines 1. https://patents.google.com/ • http://academic.research.microsoft.com/ • http://www.bioline.org.br/ 2. http://appft.uspto.gov/ • http://www.doaj.org/ 3. http://gpsn.uspto.gov/ 4. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/ • http://www.plosone.org/ 5. https://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patents • http://www.bioone.org/ earch/search/index.aspx • http://iopscience.iop.org/1468-6996/ 6. https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/ • http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630 • http://www.sciencedirect.com/ • http://www.knimbus.com • http://search.proquest.com/ • https://sci-hub.tw/
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 15
Search Engines for Research Papers? For Patents:
• https://patents.google.com/ for all patents
• http://www.uspto.gov/ for US patents • http://appft.uspto.gov/ • http://gpsn.uspto.gov/ • https://worldwide.espacenet.com/ • https://ipindiaonline.gov.in/patentsearch/search/index.aspx for Indian patent • https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/ for Australian patent • https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents.html for European patents
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 16
Exercise on Reading a research paper and noting highlights
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 17
Role of Guide is limited to....mp4
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 18
Thank you
Dr. S.N. Sridhara, KSSEM sridharasn1964@gmail.com 19