POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Instructional Material
Development
(IMADE)
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ELECTIVE 4
Political & Social Dynamics of Rural Development Planning
COURSE: BPA 4
CODE: PUAD-E4
2ND SEMESTER SY 2022

Atty. Claribel A Lucila

Instructor
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

The PUP Philosophy

PUP OUS IODE
As a state university, the Polytechnic University of
the Philippines believes that:

1. Education is an instrument for the development of

the citizenry and for the enhancement of nation
building, and

2. That meaningful growth and transmission of the

country are best achieved in an atmosphere of
brotherhood, peace, freedom, justice and
nationalists-oriented education imbued with the
spirit of humanist internationalism.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

VISION and MISSION

PUP OUS IODE
of the UNIVERSITY

VISION

PUP: THE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

UNIVERSITY
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

MISSION
PUP OUS IODE
Ensuring inclusive and equitable equality education
and promoting lifelong learning opportunities
through a re-engineered polytechnic university by
committing to:
1. Provide democratized access to educational
opportunities for the holistic development of
individuals with global perspective;
2. Offer industry-oriented curricula that produce
highly-skilled professionals with managerial and
technical capabilities and a strong sense of public
service for nation building;
3. Embed a culture of research and innovation;
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

MISSION
PUP OUS IODE
Ensuring inclusive and equitable equality education
and promoting lifelong learning opportunities through
a re-engineered polytechnic university by committing
to:
4. Continuously develop faculty and employees with
the highest level of professionalism;

5. Engage public and private institutions and other

stakeholders for the attainment of social development
goal; and

6. Establish a strong presence and impact in the

international academic community.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODE

SHARED VALUES AND PRINCIPLES

INTEGRITY
NATIONALISM
SPIRITUALITY
PASSION FOR LEARNING AND INNOVATION
INCLUSIVITY
RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
EXCELLENCE
DEMOCRACY
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODETEN PILLARS

1
Dynamic, Transformational, and
Responsible Leadership

2
Responsive and Innovative
Curricula and Instructions

Enabling and Productive

3
Learning Environment

4
Holistic Student Development
and Engagement
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODETEN PILLARS

5
Empowered Faculty Members
and Employees

6
Vigorous Research Production
and Utilization

Global Academic Standards

7
and Excellence

8
Synergistic, Productive, Strategic
Network and Partnerships
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODE

TEN PILLARS

9
Active and Sustained
Stakeholders Engagement

10
Sustainable Social Development
Programs and Projects
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODE

GOALS OF THE BRANCH

1. Development of globally competitive and

social responsible professionals through
quality and significant academic programs
and services.

2. Generation and dissemination of knowledge

through researched and continuing
education relevant to the needs of
instruction and sustainable development.
3. 3. Strengthen linkage, partnership and
collaboration with other institutions for
constant program relevance, resource
generation, and sustainable extension
programs and services.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PUP OUS IODE

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

1. To provide the students with knowledge in

Philippine rural development;
2. To equip students with knowledge in the
political and social dynamics
3. To enlighten them in the current rural
development plans programs of the
government; and
4. To have comparative study with other rural
development policies of other Asian and
African countries.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Rural Development

 Rural – an open swath of land that has few homes

or other buildings and not so many people.
 Rural development as a social goal has long been
given major attention by politicians and policy-
makers in the Philippines. This is reflected it the
concern frequently expressed about rural
problems and the plethora of laws and institutions
that have been created to deal with them.
 There has also been a general recognition of the
widespread poverty in rural areas and its
relationship to the country’s long history of
agrarian dissidence.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Rural Development

 The dynamics of rural development represents a

key element of the overall development process
that can provide the basis for a self-sustaining
and equitable economic growth.
 Rural development is not an end in itself but a
means to an end. The same can be said in
agricultural growth which, almost necessarily is a
precondition to rural development.
 In any developing country in which agriculture is
a vital precondition for rural diversification and
development.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Rural vs Agricultural vs Regional

Development
 Agricultural Development- mainly aims at
increasing agricultural products such as crops,
livestock, fish, etc. Human being, land and
capital are simply regarded as productive goods
and means. On the other hand, “Rural
Development” mainly targets on people and
institution. Rural Development includes
agricultural development activities, however, it is
one of the means of economic revitalization for
active farmers and targeted rural villages.
 “Regional” has a wide meaning to describe “area”
or “region”. Regional development includes rural
and urban development.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Rural Development

 In the Philippines, the promotion of rural

industrialization is a stated objective of both the
Operation Land Transfer (PD 27, issued in 1972)
and the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
(enacted in 1988).
 Rural development efforts have been designed
during recent years using indicators such as
income, food availability, education,
infrastructure, technology, etc.
 The first attempt to define basic needs were made
by the International Labour Organizations (ILO).
 The strategy emphasizes growth and the direct
alleviation of poverty.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Rural Development

 The distribution of the benefits of growth and the

alleviation of poverty.
 ILO stresses the redistribution of assets, income
and power.

 Today, there is a rather broad consensus that

more emphasis should be given to rural
development activities.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

AmBisyon Natin 2040

“By 2040, the Philippine is a prosperous
middle-class society where no one is poor.
People live long and healthy lives and
are smart and innovative. The country is
a high trust society where families thrive
in vibrant, culturally, diverse, and
resilient communities.”

On October 11, 2016, President Rodrigo

Duterte signed EO No. 5, s. 2016 approving
and adopting the national long-term vision or
AmBisyon 2040 as a guide for development
planning.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Philippine Development Plan

2017-2022
 The first phase for AmBisyon 2040
 Second phase- 2023-2028
 2029-2034
 2035-2040
 The PDP lays down the solid foundation for a
more inclusive growth, a high-trust society, and a
globally competitive economy.
 It is guided by the Duterte administration’s 0-10
Point Socioeconomic Agenda, nationwide
consultations, and the development summits.
 It also takes into account the country’s
international commitments, specifically the 2030
Sustainable Development Goals.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Philippine Development Plan

2017-2022
OVER ALL FRAMEWORK
 Contribute to the attainment of a Matatag,
Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay para sa
Lahat.
 Three Pillars:
1. Malasakit- enhancing the social fabric
2. Pagbabago- inequality-reducing
transformation
3. Patuloy na Pag-unlad- increasing growth
potential of the economy.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Philippine Development Plan

2017-2022
OVER ALL FRAMEWORK
 These 3 pillars are supported by cross-cutting
strategies for national security, infrastructure
development, socioeconomic resiliency, and
ecological integrity, which provide a bedrock
for all strategies to work.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Philippine Development Plan

2017-2022
Supporting Strategies
 Ensure a sound, stable, and supportive
macro-economic environment

 Level the playing field through a National

Competition Policy
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Philippine Development Plan

2017-2022
Bedrock Strategies
 Attain just and lasting peace
 Ensure security, public order, and safety
 Accelerate infrastructure development
 Ensure ecological integrity, clean, and healthy
environment
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

0-10 POINT SOCIOECONOMIC

AGENDA
 0 Peace and Order.
 1 Continue and maintain current
macroeconomic policies, including fiscal,
monetary, and trade policies.
 2 Institute progressive tax reform and more
effective tax collection, indexing taxes to
inflation.
 3 Increase competitiveness and the ease of
doing business
 4 Accelerate annual infrastructure spending
to account for 5% of GDP, with Public-Private
Partnership playing a key role.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

0-10 POINT SOCIOECONOMIC

AGENDA
 5 Promote rural and value chain development
toward increasing agricultural and rural
enterprise productivity and rural tourism.
 6 Ensure security of land tenure to encourage
investments, and address bottlenecks in land
management and titling agencies.
 7 Invest in human capital development,
including health and education systems, and
match skills and training to meet the demand
of business and the private sector.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

0-10 POINT SOCIOECONOMIC

AGENDA
 8 Promote science, technology, and the
creative arts to enhance innovation and
creative capacity towards self-sustaining,
inclusive development.
 9 Improve social protection programs,
including the government’s Conditional Cash
Transfer program, to protect the poor against
instability and economic shocks,
 10 Strengthen implementation of the
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Law to enable especially poor couples
to make informed choices on financial and
family planning.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

PDP 2017-2022 PLAN TARGETS

 The Philippines will be an upper middle income
country by 2022.
 Growth will be more inclusive as manifested by a
lower poverty incidence in the rural areas, from
30% in 2015 to 20% in 2022.
 The Philippines will have a high level of human
development by 2022.
 The unemployment rate will decline from the
current 5.5% to 3-5% in 2022.
 There will be greater trust in government and in
society.
 Individuals and communities will be ore
resilient.
 Filipinos will have greater drive for innovation.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

NOTION OF KEY FREEDOMS

 ECONOMIC FREEDOM OR FREEDOM FROM
WANT
People need to operate in a society where
conditions allow them to have decent and
productive work, to have opportunities to lead
a life with a high standard of living and
opportunities for social mobility.
 FREEDOM FROM FEAR
Includes peace, safety, and stability. Creating
an environment that frees people from fear
requires the rule of law, justice, social
security, and security from disasters and
conflict.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

NOTION OF KEY FREEDOMS

FREEDOM TO PURSUE KNOWLEDGE

Fundamental human activity that fuels
innovation and social progress. It includes
everybody’s right to an education, right to
practice and preserve diverse cultures and
religions, and freedoms of speech and
expression.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Focus Group Discussion

 The visioning exercise adopted maximum
variation as the sampling scheme in selecting
the profile of FGDs.
 Two key criteria: sector and area
 SECTORS:
1. Youth
2. Fisherfolk
3. Formal workers
4. Farmers
5. Urban poor
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Focus Group Discussion

6. Children
7. Disaster survivors
8. Indigenous peoples (IPs)
9. Persons with disabilities
Apart from basic sectors, the following
sectors were added to provide different
dimensions related to migration and
governance:
10. Families with OFWs
11. Local migrants
12. Local government workers
 330 participants
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

FGDs in Three Major Islands:

 Luzon: Quezon City and Makati City; Mabini,
Batangas; Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao, and Los
Banos, Laguna; Guimba and Licab, Nueva
Ecija; Sorsogon City, Legaspi, Camarines Sur,
Bicol.
 Visayas: Iloilo City; Borongan City, Samar.
 Mindanao: Davao City, Davao Del Sur; Panabo
City, Davao Del Norte; Zamboanga City,
Zamboanga; Cotabato City, Maguindanao.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

FGDs in Three Major Islands:

There are:
6-8 participants per FGD
Men and women are equally represented with
bias for younger participants aged 40 years and
below
No incentives were promised upon recruitment
Refreshments, transportation expense and non-
monetary tokens were given to participants
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Conduct of Focus Group Discussion

 42 FGDs were conducted from June 5 to
August 10, 2015
 FGD lasts an average of 1 and ½ hours with
the longest taking almost 3 hours
 The 3 structured and open ended questions to
start the discussion:
1. What is your vision for yourself and your
family in the year 2040?
2. What is your current situation and what are
the constraints that hamper your program
toward the vision?
3. How do you see your community and the
country in 2040?
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Vision for Self

 The overall vision for themselves, their family,
and for the country is covered in vision for
self.
 Covers the most common sentiments
expressed.
 Most Filipinos have a clear idea of their goals,
ambitions, and the kind of life they are
working for themselves.
 “Nangarap ka nga pero kung di mo naman
kayang tuparin din na… Dahil wala ka
namang pera, wala ka namang pagkukuhanan
sa pangarap mo.”
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

The Very Poor

 Nakakakain ng tatlong beses sa isang araw.
 Faced with the worst kind of instability-that of
not knowing if there will be enough food to eat
for themselves and their children each day.
 Vulnerable sectors: indigenous people living in
isolation, internally displaced people, and out-
of-school youth.
 Envisions: nobody in their family goes hungry
and securing their children’s education
 Job that pays a decent living wage
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

The Middle Income

 Nabibili ang gusto.
 Participants are high students enrolled in private
schools and young people with college education or
higher.
 Fully employed and have been in stable, relatively-
high paying jobs.
 They have social security benefits, health
insurance, bank accounts and saving accounts.
 Not all has cars but all are mobile through a
variety of means.
 They think beyond immediate and basic needs,
toward a longer term future, plan for security for
themselves and entertain a life of service to others.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Collective Vision for Filipinos in

2040
 In 2040, all Filipinos will have a stable and high
level of well-being, secure in the knowledge that
they have enough for their daily needs and their
wants, that they can plan and prepare for their
own and their children’s futures.
 Families are able to live together in a place of
their own, and have the freedom to go where they
desire, protected and enabled by an effective
government that cares equally for all citizens.
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Constraints
1. Jobs
a. There are no jobs- the poor in particular would take any paid
work they can get-but these are not available.
b. A good job is a stable one- concerns security of tenure; informal
workers-agricultural, construction, temporary employees.
c. A good job pays a living wage- Filipinos observe that without a
college degree, a person will not be able to find a work that pays
a decent wage.
d. It is too expensive to look for work-barangay clearance, police
clearance, NBI clearance, birth certificate, and other myriad of
requirements.
e. Transportation costs are too high
f. Jobs-education mismatch- problem of underemployment (ex.
Those with tertiary education are doing work that can be done by
those with secondary education-barista)
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Constraints
2. Government inefficiencies
a. Red tape and inefficiencies keep services away from the poor-
gaining access to a government benefit requires numerous
documents to be obtained in government offices-each step
surrounded by inefficiency and bureaucratic red tape.
b. Quality of service in government offices- not only about speed
but also the quality of interaction between the government
employees and the citizen; refusal of entry to the building for
improper attire (discrimination) in contrast to “citizen-centered
government”
3. Small scale corruption- those perpetrated by the rank and
file in government that victimizes the poorest of our
countrymen. Dense government processes create opportunities
for extracting “facilitation fees.”
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Constraints
4. Poor healthcare- women often raise the problem of access to
quality healthcare. Catastrophic health events can drive a
family into debt and poverty, sometimes permanently. It is a
critical barrier to prosperities for families who have no
insurance.
a.Lack of access
b.No support for prevention/maintenance- public healthcare
facility only provides free consultation with a medical doctor. It
does not help them purchase maintenance medication for
common conditions such as high cholesterol or hypertension.
c.Publicfacilities have no supplies- both the hospital and small
health centers have chronic shortage of medicine and other
supplies. Some even lack medical professionals.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Vision for the Country: Prosperity

and Justice for All
FGD participants were asked to name a country that
would most like the Philippines to emulate:
Japan, Canada, Singapore, South Korea, and the
United States of America. The things in these countries
they value include:
1.Universal or affordable high quality healthcare and
education;
2.Asian values with western development;
3.Urbanized, modern, and technologically advanced, yet
with progressive agriculture; and
4.Widely available welfare.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Vision for the Country: Prosperity

and Justice for All
1. Job Security
2. Living Wage
3. Good jobs in the Country
4. Career Growth, Savings, and Retirement
5. Entrepreneurship
6. Health
7. Education
8. Just and Fair Society
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Just and Fair Society

1. Governed with order and unity;

2. Positive politics; and
3. Citizen-centered government
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

Families Stay Together

1. Vibrant, culturally diverse, and resilient

communities;
2. Communities without conflict;
3. Communities resilient against disasters; and
4. Livable cities.
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ, QUEZON BRANCH

End of Presentation