Structure of banking in India

Un organized sector

• Include money lenders and indigenous bankers

 • indigenous bankers
• Central banking enquiry committee defines” an individual or
private firm receiving deposit and dealing in hundies or lending
money
• Accept current deposit and fixed deposit
• High rate of interest
• Done by certain communities like
Marwaris,bangalese ,gujarathies, chettiars and brahmins
• Functions
• Accept deposit [current deposit/demand and fixeddeposit]
• Lending
• Deals in hundies[Hundi/Hundee is a financial instrument that developed in Medieval India for
use in trade and credit transactions. Hundis are used as a form of remittance instrument to 
transfer money from place to place, as a form of credit instrument or IOU to borrow money and as a 
bill of exchange in trade transactions]

• None banking function

• Defects
• Combining banking and non banking function
• Not organized
• High rate of interest
• Loans for un productive purpose
• Limited resources
• Exploitation of people
• Lack of control by RBI
• money lenders
• Person who do not accept deposit from public but lend
their own fund
• Lend money mainly for consumption and other domestic
purpose
• High interest rate
• Organized sector
1. Central bank RBI
2. Apex banks
3. Banking institution [public,private,foreign]
4. Development bank [land and industry]
• Apex bank
• top of banking system
• These type of institution assist and support the
development of other financial institution of the country
• Act on behalf of RBI
1. IDBI
2. NABARD
3. EXIM BANK
4. SIDBI
5. IRBI/IIBI
6. NHB
• COMMERCIAL BANKING IN INDIA
• Included in the second schedule of RBI act 1934
• It include
• Public sector [sbi and nationalized banks]
• Private sector
• Foreign banking
• Regional rural banking
• State bank of india
• Biggest commercial bank in india
• Three presidency bank
• Imperial bank 1921
• Rural credit survey committee
• Nationalised bank
• The government through the Banking Companies (Acquisition
and Transfer of Undertakings) Ordinance, 1969 and
nationalised the 14 largest commercial banks on 19 July
1969.
• These lenders held over 80 per cent bank deposits in the country.
• Another six private banks were nationalised in 1980
• Till 1969, the State Bank of India (SBI) was the only bank that
was not privately owned, which was called as the Imperial Bank
before its nationalisation in 1955.
• At Present, there are 19 nationalised banks in India.
 Foreign banks

• Foreign banks are registered and have their headquarters

in a foreign country but operate their branches in India
EG- DOHA BANK , BANK OF AMERICA ,BANK OF
BAHARAIN &KUWAIT
• Regional rural bank
• main purpose behind setting up the RRBs is to mobilise financial
resources from the rural areas and grant loans to needy and marginal
farmers and artisans
• Narsimham Committee report (1975), by the legilations of the
Regional Rural Banks Act of 1976. Prathama Grameen Bank.
• Central Government has 50% share.
• State Government has 15% share.
• The Sponsor Bank has 35% share
• To bridge the credit gap in rural regions in India.
• To check rural credit outflow to urban areas.
• To reduce regional imbalances in terms of availability of financial
 Priority Sector Lending

• Priority Sector Lending : RBI mandates that all domestic Banks

must ensure that 40% of their loans and advances are given to the
priority sector. Priority sector comprises the areas of economy that
require banking assistance but gets neglected by banks due to
various reasons.
 Development Banks

• Development Banks are banks that provide financial assistance toindustries

that requires long-term capital for purchase of machinery and equipment,
for using latest technology, or for expansion and modernization
• A development bank is a multipurpose institution which shares
entrepreneurial risk, changes its approach in tune with industrial climate
and encourages new industrial projects to bring about speedier economic
growth
• these banks also undertake other development measures like subscribing to
the shares and debentures issued by companies, in case of under
subscription of the issue by the public. There are three important national
level development banks.
.
 Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
• The IDBI was established on July 1, 1964 under an Act of Parliament.
• It was set up as the central co-ordinating agency, leader of development banks and
principal financing institution for industrial finance in the country.
• Originally, IDBI was a wholly owned subsidiary of RBI. But it was delinked from RBI
• IDBI is an apex institution to co-ordinate, supplement and integrate the activities of all
existing
specialised financial institutions
• It is a refinancing and re-discounting institution operating in the capital market to
refinance term loans and export credits
• It is in charge of conducting techno-economic studies. It was expected to fulfil the need
of rapid industrialisation.
• The IDBI is empowered to finance all types of concerns engaged or to be engaged in th
manufacture or processing of goods, mining, transport, generation and distribution of
 Export Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)

• the Export-Import (EXIM) Bank of India financial institution for

coordinating the working of institutions engaged in financing export
and import trade
• It is a statutory corporation wholly owned by the Government of India.
• It was established on January 1, 1982
• This specialized bank grants loans to exporters and importers and also
provides information about the international market. It also gives
guidance about the opportunities for export or import, the risks
involved in it and the competition to be faced,
• The main functions of the EXIM Bank are as follows:
• Financing of exports and imports of goods and services, not only of India
but also of the third world countries;
• Financing of exports and imports of machinery and equipment on lease
basis;
• Financing of joint ventures in foreign countries;
• Providing loans to Indian parties to enable them to contribute to the share
capital of joint ventures in foreign countries;
• to undertake limited merchant banking functions such as underwriting of
stocks, shares, bonds or debentures of Indian companies engaged in export
or import; and
• To provide technical, administrative and financial assistance to parties in
connection with export and import
 Co-operative banks

• Co-operative banks are banks incorporated in the legal form of

cooperatives. Any cooperative society has to obtain a license from
the Reserve Bank of India before starting banking business and
has to follow the guidelines set and issued by the Reserve Bank of
India.
• Primary Credit Societies:
Primary Credit Societies are formed at the village or town level with
borrower and nonborrower members residing in one locality. The operations
of each society are restricted to a small area so that the members know each
other and are able to watch over the activities of all members to prevent
frauds.
Central Co-operative Banks:
Central co-operative banks operate at the district level having some of the
primary credit societies belonging to the same district as their members.
These banks provide loans to their members
(i.e., primary credit societies) and function as a link between the primary
credit societies and state co-operative banks.
State Co-operative Banks:
These are the highest level co-operative banks in all the states of the country.
They mobilize funds and help in its proper channelization among various
sectors. The money reaches the individual borrowers from the state co-
operative banks through the central co- operative banks and the primary
 National Bank for Agricultural and Rural

Development
• It was established on 12 July 1982 by a special act by the
parliament.
• This specialized bank is a central or apex institution for financing
agricultural and rural sectors.
• It can provide credit, both short term and long-term, through
regional rural banks.
• It provides financial assistance, especially, to cooperative credit, in
the field of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village
industries
• Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the
credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes,
restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
• Co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in
developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government of
India, State Governments, Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) and other national level institutions concerned with policy
formulation
• Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
• NABARD refinances the financial institutions which finances the rural sector.
• The institutions which help the rural economy, NABARD helps develop.
• NABARD also keeps a check on its client institutes.
• It regulates the institution which provides financial help to the rural economy.
• It provides training facilities to the institutions working the field of rural upliftment.
• It regulates the cooperative banks and the RRB