Natural disaster

Drought
Drought
Definition
• A simple definition of drought is period of water
shortage
 WHAT IS DROUGHT ?
• Extended period of dry weather leading to extreme dryness
• It is a period in which a region has deficit in its water supply whether
surface or underground water
• It occurs for 15 days /months/years
CAUSES ?🤔
• No rainfall
• High temperature
• Rate of evaporation is more
• Human activities
• Excessive irrigation
• Erosion
• Precipitation deficiency
There are several different types of drought:
Meteorological Drought - Below normal rainfall (shorter-
term)
 
Agricultural Drought - lack of soil moisture to support ag
activities (shorter-term drought)
 
Hydrologic Drought - lack of surface and subsurface water
resources (longer-term drought)
TYPES OF DROUGHT
METEROLOGICAL
AGRICULTURAL
It occurs when
dry weather HYDROLOGICAL
Inadequate soil
patterns Socio economic
moisture
dominates in an resulting in
area It occurs when
acute crop stress This occurs when
and fall in water level in When the supply
agricultural lakes and and demand in
productivity reservoirs fall various
below average commodities is
effected
 Specific Drought Risks
Direct Meteorological & Hydrological Impacts

HIGH TEMPERATURES

VERY LOW HUMIDITY

LOSS OF SOIL MOISTURE

VANISHING STREAMS,
LAKES, AND WATER TABLES
Characteristics of drought prone
area
• Continuous degradation of land and vanishing of green
cover
• Hunger and malanutrition
• Decreased productivity of crop and cattle
• Depleting water resources
• Each drought has its own unique characteristics and there
is no magnitude of scale exist
• Severe agriculture drought result in debt and famine
 Impacts of drought
• Crops cant grow well
• There is little or less drinking waterfor animals and humans
• Farmers need to spend more on irrigation and food prices go up
• Shortage of water for indhstrial uses
• Shortage of electricity due to reduced water flow through hydroelectric dams
• War over natural resources
• Wild fires
• Dust storms
What Makes Drought Unique as a
Geohazard
SLOW ONSET

DIVERSE IN LOCATION
&
DURATION

DIFFICULT TO MEASURE
THE SOCIETAL
IMPACTS
Coping with drought
In terms of facing future droughts there are four
public policy options:

• MONITORING
• PREPAREDNESS
• ADAPTATION
• MITIGATION
Prevention
• Afforestation
• Try root irrigation
• Build water storage plants reservoirs and dams
• Follow water shed management
• Mulching
• Using recycled water
• Cloud seeding
• Continuous observation of rainfall levels
Conclusion
• Dry weather causes drought
• It may cause due to hot weather in summer season mainly
due to less rainfall
• It can be mitigated by irrigation and crop rotation
• We can prevent drought by using water in proper ways
Thank you